Variants of Instant Runoff voting can be designed to reflect the same rules as a two-round voting system.

Runoff voting can be influenced by strategic nomination ; this is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.

Runoff from rainfall can lead to heating via conduction from the surface which the water is flowing over.

Runoff can leach through permeable soils to vulnerable aquifers that tap ground water sources for human consumption.

Runoff into storm sewers can be minimized by including sustainable urban drainage systems ( UK term ) or low impact development practices ( US term ) into municipal plans.

Runoff voting is less vulnerable to vote splitting, yet vote splitting can occur in any round of runoff voting.

Runoff from sewage, urban land use, and fertilizers can also contribute to eutrophication.

In the United States, The lag time in which street sweepers responded can be pinpointed to the Runoff Report of 1998.

Runoff from roads, parking lots, and yards can carry animal wastes to streams through storm sewers.

The Borda count can be combined with an Instant Runoff procedure to create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson method and Baldwin method.

Runoff of excess nutrients into waterways can also occur, which is harmful for the environment.

Runoff voting is also sometimes used as a generic term to describe any system involving a number of rounds of voting, with eliminations after each round.

Runoff voting is also vulnerable to another tactic called " push over ".

Runoff voting is used to find the winner.

Runoff quickly flooded agricultural areas and much of this water made its way into several subdivisions in Edinburgh.

Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems.

Runoff from the Goesan side eventually flows into the Han River, which passes through Seoul to meet the Yellow Sea at Incheon.

Runoff from the Recreation Center site is piped underground beneath Highway 19 and into the Retention Pond.

Runoff from the western slopes of these mountains provides water to the county's cities and agricultural areas.

; Runoff: The variety of ways by which water moves across the land.

Runoff from these glaciers and those on the surrounding volcanoes is a source of fresh water for forty surrounding towns, and Colombian scientists and government officials are concerned about the towns ' water supply should the glaciers melt completely.

A growing body of water research during the late 1970s and 1980s indicated that stormwater runoff was a significant cause of water quality impairment in many parts of the U. S. In the early 1980s EPA conducted the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program ( NURP ) to document the extent of the urban stormwater problem.

Economic measures such as increased taxes on " the rich and corporations ", " strong regulation " of the financial industry, " regulation and public ownership of utilities ", and increased federal aid to cities and states ; opposition to the Iraq War and other military interventions ; opposition to free trade treaties such as the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ); nuclear disarmament and a reduced military budget ; various civil rights provisions ; campaign finance reform including public financing of campaigns ; and election law reform, including Instant Runoff Voting.

Runoff and groundwater are stored as freshwater in lakes.

Runoff from seasonal rains and groundwater springs forms desert arroyos, desert fan palm oases, freshwater marshes, brine lakes, desert washes, ephemeral and perennial streams, and riparian vegetation communities dominated by cottonwood, willow, and non-native tamarisk.

Runoff elections for legislative seats were held on April 21.

Instant Runoff Voting would elect the 2nd-worst choice, because the central candidates would be eliminated early.

Runoff voting involves two rounds of voting.

Runoff voting is intended to reduce the potential for eliminating " wasted " votes by tactical voting.

Runoff voting encourages candidates to appeal to a broad cross-section of voters.

Runoff voting is designed for single seat constituencies.

Runoff advocates counter that voters first preference is more important than lower preferences because that's where voters are putting the most effort of decision and that, unlike Condorcet methods, runoffs require a high showing among the full field of choices in addition to a strong showing in the final head-to-head competition.

His inability to make headway against the de facto two-party system as an independent in that election would later lead him to become an advocate for Instant Runoff Voting, helping to found FairVote in 1992.

* Slow kinds: Runoff from sustained rainfall or rapid snow melt exceeding the capacity of a river's channel.

Runoff elections were held in February 1993, and the leader of the Hery Velona movement, Albert Zafy, defeated Ratsiraka.

Runoff containing wild cat faeces and litter from domestic cats flushed down toilets are possible sources of oocysts.

* Runoff system.

* Runoff system.

Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed, Lake Tahoe Basin, California.

* Nationwide Urban Runoff Program ( U. S. research program )

Reinforcement can include manure, straw, cement, rebar or wooden posts.

Experience has shown straw, cement, or manure added to a standard adobe mixture can all produce a stronger, more crack-resistant brick.

Guar can be fed to cattle, or used as a green manure.

If a meadow be well manured, we remove, with the increased crop of grass, a greater quantity of potash than can, by a repetition of the same manure, be restored to it.

The larvae are common scavengers in compost heaps, are found in association with carrion, can be destructive pests in honey bee hives, and are used in manure management ( for both house fly control and reduction in manure volume ).

Although it will continue to grow no matter what, it will benefit from the addition of animal manure applied as a mulch, and can also be mulched with other nitrogen rich materials such as lawn mowings, and is one of the few plants that will tolerate the application of fresh urine diluted 50: 50 with water, although this should not be regularly added as it may increase salt levels in the soil and have adverse effects on soil life such as worms.

" Detritus can be broadly defined as any form of non-living organic matter, including different types of plant tissue ( e. g. leaf litter, dead wood, aquatic macrophytes, algae ), animal tissue ( carrion ), dead microbes, faeces ( manure, dung, faecal pellets, guano, frass ), as well as products secreted, excreted or exuded from organisms ( e. g. extra-cellular polymers, nectar, root exudates and leachates, dissolved organic matter, extra-cellular matrix, mucilage ).

Iron deficiency can be avoided by choosing appropriate soil for the growing conditions ( e. g., avoid growing acid loving plants on lime soils ), or by adding well-rotted manure or compost.

Nitrogen deficiency can be prevented in the short term by using grass mowings as a mulch, or foliar feeding with manure, and in the longer term by building up levels of organic matter in the soil.

In an indoor intensive pig farm, manure can be managed through a lagoon system or other waste-management system.

Contaminants from animal wastes can enter the environment through pathways such as through leakage of poorly constructed manure lagoons or during major precipitation events resulting in either overflow of lagoons and runoff from recent applications of waste to farm fields, or atmospheric deposition followed by dry or wet fallout.

They can also be collected from compost and manure piles.

Livestock may also provide manure, which can be used to fertilize cultivated soils, which increases soil productivity.

* Biochar is another similar energy source which can be obtained through charring of certain types of organic material ( e. g. hazelnut shells, bamboo, chicken manure, ...) in a pyrolysis unit.

However, even a freshly cleared bed will be susceptible to airborne seed from elsewhere, as well as seed brought in by passing animals which can carry them on their fur, or from freshly imported manure.

Farmed legumes can belong to many agricultural classes, including forage, grain, blooms, pharmaceutical / industrial, fallow / green manure, and timber species.

Soil that are high in calcium minerals, for example, can be given green manure to generate a higher phosphate content in the soil, which in turn acts as a fertilizer.

If the cover crop is left on the soil surface rather than incorporated into the soil as a green manure after its growth is terminated, it can form a nearly impenetrable mat.

More conventional explanations have been suggested by locals from outside the community who feel that the garden's successes can be explained by the unique microclimate of Moray or the substantial amounts of horse manure donated by a local farmer.

Watercress crops grown in the presence of manure can be a haven for parasites such as the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica.

NDV can survive for several weeks in a warm and humid environment on birds ' feathers, manure, and other materials.

Because a canal barge can hold so much more than a wagon, the waterways expansions increased the quantity of supplies that could reach London ( and the amount of refuse and manure that could be carted away ).

It has been observed that increasing the amount of soil organic matter through the working-in of manure, compost or peat can both improve local drainage and promote the proliferation of earth worms that can, over time, break relatively thin hardpan layers.