Saladin, who was set up as Vizier of Egypt, was declared Sultan in 1171 upon the death of the last Fatimid caliph.

In 1187, Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria who led the Muslim Ayyubids, captured Bethlehem from the Crusaders.

As the first Sultan of Egypt, Saladin established the Ayyubid dynasty, based in Cairo, and aligned Egypt with the Abbasids, who were based in Baghdad.

In 1187, the Ayyubid Sultan, Saladin, defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin ( above Tiberias ), taking Jerusalem and most of Palestine.

In the end, Nur ad-Din was victorious and Saladin established himself as Sultan of Egypt.

Gaining widespread recognition, he was appointed court physician to the Grand Vizier Al Qadi al Fadil, then to Sultan Saladin, after whose death he remained a physician to the royal family.

Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (, Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb, Kurdish: سه ‌ لاحه ‌ دین ئه ‌ یوبی, Selah ' edînê Eyubî ) ( 1137 / 1138 – March 4, 1193 ), better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty .< ref name =" Minorsky "> A number of contemporary sources make note of this.

Previously, Saladin offered to mediate relations between Nur al-Din and Kilij Arslan II — the Seljuk Sultan of Rum — after the two came into conflict.

Bahā ' ad-Dīn writes, " Whilst we were there they brought two Franks to the Sultan ( Saladin ) who had been made prisoners by the advance guard.

* Saladin: The Sultan and His Times, 1138 – 1193

* March 4 – Saladin, Sultan of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria ( b. c. 1138 )

* Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria ( d. 1193 )

The assassin group was indeed feared enough that these threats were sometimes taken seriously, as in the case when Saladin, the Muslim Sultan of Egypt and Syria, made an alliance with the rebel sect to avoid more assassination attempts.

The caliphate lasted from 909 to 1171, when Saladin became Sultan of Egypt, and returned the country to the nominal fealty of the Sunni Muslim Abbasid caliphate.

Artistic representation of Saladin, the first Ayyubid dynasty | Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Greater Syria | Syria.

* Al-Aziz Uthman, was the second son of Saladin and the second Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt

Ayyubid Sultan Saladin had conquered most of the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem, including the ancient city itself, in 1187.

The Mosque of Omar was built in its current shape by the Ayyubid Sultan al-Afdal bin Saladin in 1193 CE in memory of this event.

In 1963 Chahine made Saladin ( original title: El Nasser – defender / deliverer – Salah ed-Dine ), an epic, three-hour film in CinemaScope named after the 12th Century Sultan who, as the film begins, is preparing to liberate Jerusalem from its Christian Crusader occupiers.

In 1174, Saladin proclaimed himself Sultan following the death of Nur al-Din.

After the death of Saladin, his sons contested control over the sultanate, but Saladin's brother al-Adil eventually established himself as Sultan in 1200.

He had first put this plan into action in 1194 by seizing the strategic fortress of Baghras after Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, had abandoned it.

) Another theory is that the term is a corruption of the name of Saladin ( Salah ad-Din ), the Ayyubid Sultan, who in 1171 sent forty pieces of the ceramic to Nur ad-Din Zengi, Sultan of Syria.

Set in Jerusalem during the Third Crusade, it describes how the wise Jewish merchant Nathan, the enlightened sultan Saladin, and the ( initially anonymous ) Templar bridge their gaps between Judaism, Islam and Christianity.

* 1192 – Richard the Lion-Heart is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after signing a treaty with Saladin ending the Third crusade.

The kingdom had a truce with Saladin at the time, and Raynald's actions have been seen as an independent act of brigandage ; it is possible that he was trying to prevent Saladin from moving his forces north to take control of Aleppo, which would have strengthened Saladin's position.

Among the major equipment that is not currently active are AMX-13, Saladin, Panhard M3, and Staghound.

The Muslims protested and occupied the site, where a nephew of Saladin is believed to be buried.

As such, Saladin is a prominent figure in Kurdish, Arab, and Muslim culture.

Saladin, who now lived in Damascus, was reported to have a particular fondness of the city, but information on his early childhood is scarce.

The battle ended in a Zengid victory, and Saladin is credited to have helped Shirkuh in one of the " most remarkable victories in recorded history ", according to Ibn al-Athir, although more of Shirkuh's men were killed and the battle is considered by most sources as not a total victory.

Ibn al-Athir claims that the caliph chose him after being told by his advisers that " there is no one weaker or younger " than Saladin, and " not one of the emirs obeyed him or served him.

While ill, he asked Saladin to pay him a visit to request that he take care of his young children, but Saladin refused, fearing treachery against the Abbasids, and is said to have regretted his action after realizing what al-Adid had wanted.

Ibn Jubayr a famous traveler from Al-Andalus is known to have met Saladin in Cairo after the abdication of the Fatimid s.

Saladin wrote in a letter to al-Adil: " this Yemen is a treasure house ... We conquered it, but up to this day we have had no return and no advantage from it.

According to the later thirteenth century Old French Continuation of William of Tyre, Raynald captured Saladin's sister in a raid on a caravan, although this claim is not attested in contemporary sources, Muslim or Frankish, instead stating that Raynald had attacked a preceding caravan, and Saladin set guards to ensure the safety of his sister and her son, who came to no harm.

Instead the mausoleum, which is open to visitors, now has two sarcophagi: the empty one made of marble and the original wooden one, which holds Saladin.

In Syria, even the smallest city is centred on a defensible citadel, and Saladin introduced this essential feature to Egypt.

It is mainly from this novel that the contemporary view of Saladin originates.

An interesting view of Saladin and the world in which he lived is provided by Tariq Ali's novel The Book of Saladin.

* A heavily fictionalized version of Saladin is played by Ghassan Massoud in the 2005 movie Kingdom of Heaven.

Saladin, a powerful sultan, finds that his treasury is exhausted.

Melchizedek, a Jew, has money enough to cover the shortfall, but Saladin believes he is too avaricious to lend it fairly.

Saladin tries to trick Melchizedek into giving offense ( and justifying the seizure of his wealth ) by asking him whether Judaism, Christianity, or Islam law is the true word of God.