Philosophers commonly referred to as Post-structuralists include Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, Gilles Deleuze ( all of whom began their careers within a Structuralist framework ), Jacques Derrida, Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-François Lyotard, Julia Kristeva, Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray and, sometimes, the American cultural theorists, critics and intellectuals they influenced ( e. g. Judith Butler, Jonathan Crary, John Fiske, Rosalind Krauss, Hayden White ).

Another common thread among thinkers associated with the Post-Structuralist movement is the criticism of the absolutist, quasi-scientific claims of Structuralist theorists as more reflective of the mechanistic bias inspired by bureaucratization and industrialization than of the inner-workings of actual primitive cultures, languages or psyches.

The effect of Derrida's paper was such that by the time the conference proceedings were published in 1970, the title of the collection had become The Structuralist Controversy.

* Patrick Brady, Structuralist perspectives in criticism of fiction: essays on Manon Lescaut and La Vie de Marianne, P. Lang, Berne ; Las Vegas, 1978.

Structuralist film theory emphasizes how films convey meaning through the use of codes and conventions not dissimilar to the way languages are used to construct meaning in communication.

Structuralist Marxism disputes the instrumentalist view that the state can be viewed as the direct servant of the capitalist or ruling class.

The new linguistic turn, through the rise of semiotics as well as of structural linguistics, brought to the fore a new interest in figures of speech as signs, the metaphor in particular ( in the works of Roman Jakobson, Michel Charles, Gérard Genette ) while famed Structuralist Roland Barthes, a classicist by training, perceived how some basic elements of rhetoric could be of use in the study of narratives, fashion and ideology.

The Structuralist assumption that fabula and sujet could be investigated separately, gave birth to two quite different traditions: thematic ( Propp, Bremond, Greimas, Dundes, et al.

Structuralist or institutional analysis shows that the term is misused when it is applied to institutions acting in pursuit of their acknowledged goals, for example, when a group of corporations engage in price-fixing to increase profits.

Structuralist philosopher Julia Kristeva, seen as a theorist who was instrumental in providing the philosophical basis for American political correctness, denounced political correctness in 2001 in New York Times and said her works have been distorted by Americans.

Structuralist film theory is a branch of film theory that is rooted in Structuralism, itself based on structural linguistics.

Structuralist readings focus on how the structures of the single text resolve inherent narrative tensions.

Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature.

** Structuralist Poetics.

* Culler, Jonathan ( 1975 ) Structuralist Poetics.

" On Realism in Art " in Readings in Russian Poetics: Formalist and Structuralist.

Structuralist philosopher Roland Barthes, in an essay about the car, said that it looked as if it had " fallen from the sky ".< ref name =" id-ds. com ">

Interactionists prefer several methods to contrast with Structuralist methods, namely ; unstructured interviews, covert participant observation, overt participant observation, and analysing historical, public and personal documents by content analysis.

Matias Vernengo, a University of Utah economist, identifies two main streams in dependency theory: the Latin American Structuralist, typified by the work of Prebisch, Celso Furtado and Anibal Pinto at the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America ( ECLAC, or, in Spanish, CEPAL ); and the American Marxist, developed by Paul A. Baran, Paul Sweezy, and Andre Gunder Frank.

In the 1960s, members of the Latin American Structuralist school argued that there is more latitude in the system than the Marxists believed.

Sneed, An Architectonic for Science: the Structuralist Approach.

Culler's Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature won the James Russell Lowell Prize from the Modern Language Association of America in 1976 for an outstanding book of criticism.

Early anthropology was divided between proponents of unilinealism, who argued that all societies passed through a single evolutionary process, from the most primitive to the most advanced, and various forms of non-lineal theorists, who tended to subscribe to ideas such as diffusionism.

In the 1980s books like Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter pondered anthropology's ties to colonial inequality, while the immense popularity of theorists such as Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault moved issues of power and hegemony into the spotlight.

Contemporary set theorists also study axioms that are not compatible with the axiom of choice, such as the axiom of determinacy.

Art historians and theorists such as Cesare Brandi have also played a significant role in developing conservation-restoration theory.

Other theorists such as Milam & Ketcham ( 1983 ) focus on the physical deterioration of alcohol.

By contrast, in mainstream Analytical philosophy the topic is more confined to abstract investigation, in the work of such influential theorists as W. V. O. Quine, to name one of many.

( 1937 ) relied heavily on other theorists such as Ludwig Ritter von Eimannsberger, whose major book, The Tank War ( Der Kampfwagenkrieg ) ( 1934 ) gained a wide audience in the German Army.

Finding the right method for constructing such " objective " priors ( for appropriate classes of regular problems ) has been the quest of statistical theorists from Laplace to John Maynard Keynes, Harold Jeffreys, and Edwin Thompson Jaynes: These theorists and their successors have suggested several methods for constructing " objective " priors:

Latour notes that such social criticism has been appropriated by those he describes as conspiracy theorists, including global warming skeptics and the 9 / 11 Truth movement: “ Maybe I am taking conspiracy theories too seriously, but I am worried to detect, in those mad mixtures of knee-jerk disbelief, punctilious demands for proofs, and free use of powerful explanation from the social neverland, many of the weapons of social critique .” ( p. 230 )

As a result, an exaptive explanation of consciousness has gained favor with some theorists that posit consciousness did not evolve as an adaptation but was an exaptation arising as a consequence of other developments such as increases in brain size or cortical rearrangement.

As theorists such as Ronald Coase have pointed out, all business organizations represent an attempt to avoid certain costs associated with doing business.

Many practitioners take Edward Saïd's book Orientalism ( 1978 ) as the theory's founding work ( although French theorists such as Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon made similar claims decades before Said ).

Conservative theorists such as Milton Friedman advocate school choice to promote excellence in education through competition.

Finally, some theorists place emotions within a more general category of " affective states " where affective states can also include emotion-related phenomena such as pleasure and pain, motivational states ( for example, hunger or curiosity ), moods, dispositions and traits.

If we live on a brane ( as hypothesized by some theorists ) this " leakage " of gravitons from the brane into higher-dimensional space could explain why gravitation is such a weak force, and gravitons from other branes adjacent to our own could provide a potential explanation for dark matter.

Numerous theorists ( Marpurg, Mattheson, Quantz, and Scheibe, among others ) cited his works as models, and major composers such as J. S.

In the work of diverse theorists such as William James ( 1842 – 1910 ), Michel Foucault ( 1926 – 1984 ) and Hayden White, important critiques of hierarchical epistemology are advanced.

" Nonstate theorists rejected the idea of hypnotic trance and interpret the effects of hypnotism as due to a combination of multiple task-specific factors derived from normal cognitive, behavioural, and social psychology, such as social role-perception and favorable motivation ( Sarbin ), active imagination and positive cognitive set ( Barber ), response expectancy ( Kirsch ), and the active use of task-specific subjective strategies ( Spanos ).

From the 16th to the 18th centuries, Commedia dell ' arte performers improvised based on a broad outline in the streets of Italy and in the 1890s theatrical theorists and directors such as Russian, Konstantin Stanislavski and the French, Jacques Copeau, founders of two major streams of acting theory, both heavily utilised improvisation in acting training and rehearsal.

Left-libertarianism, as defended by contemporary theorists such as Peter Vallentyne, Hillel Steiner, and Michael Otsuka, is a doctrine that has a strong commitment to personal liberty and has an egalitarian view concerning natural resources, believing that it is illegitimate for anyone to claim private ownership of resources to the detriment of others.

Presently the concept is most often associated with Marxian economics, although it appears as a foundation to earlier classical economic theorists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo.

RFT theorists introduced the concept of functional contextualism in language learning, which emphasizes the importance of predicting and influencing psychological events, such as thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, by focusing on manipulable variables in their context.

Another critique comes from semiotic theorists such as Deacon and Kull This view regards the concept of " meme " as a primitivized concept of " sign ".

Weber has influenced many later social theorists, such as Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, György Lukács and Jürgen Habermas.