In the spinoff series Mobile Suit Gundam SEED, the ablative armor concept is applied in similar capacity to the anti-beam coating and laminated armor technologies utilised by mobile suits as a form of protection against beam and laser weaponry.

For a given material, it can have a positive or negative sign or exceptionally it can be zero, and this can depend on the temperature, as it does for water about 4 C. The concept of latent heat with respect to volume was perhaps first recognized by Joseph Black in 1762.

Diesel's inventions have three points in common: they relate to heat transfer by natural physical processes or laws ; they involve markedly creative mechanical design ; and they were initially motivated by the inventor's concept of sociological needs.

The concept is frequently applied in the physical sciences to chemical reactions, where chemical bond energy is converted to thermal energy ( heat ).

The concept is frequently applied in physical sciences to, for example, chemical reactions, where thermal energy ( heat ) is converted to chemical bond energy.

The samurai could equate the disregard for his own life in the heat of battle, which was considered necessary for victory in individual combat, to the Buddhist concept of the illusory nature of the distinction between life and death.

Alongside amount of heat transferred as a fundamental quantity, entropy, considered below, was gradually found to be a more generally applicable concept, especially when chemical reactions are of interest.

As a result, devices were shown to produce this effect reliably, and the term thermoscope was adopted because it reflected the changes in sensible heat ( the concept of temperature was yet to arise ).

A concept to provide low Earth orbit ( LEO ) propellant depots that could be used as way-stations for other spacecraft to stop and refuel on the way to beyond-LEO missions has proposed that waste gaseous hydrogen — an inevitable byproduct of long-term liquid hydrogen storage in the radiative heat environment of space — would be usable as a monopropellant in a solar-thermal propulsion system.

During the early 19th century, the concept of perceptible or free caloric began to be referred to as “ free heat ” or heat set free.

A more recent development is the concept of " fast ignition ", which may offer a way to directly heat the high density fuel after compression, thus decoupling the heating and compression phases of the implosion.

One current concept in dealing with both of these problems, as shown in the HYLIFE-II baseline design, is to use a " waterfall " of FLiBe, a molten mix of fluoride salts of lithium and beryllium, which both protect the chamber from neutrons and carry away heat.

His concept was to put some tritium and / or deuterium in close proximity to a fission bomb, with the hope that the heat and intense flux of neutrons released when the bomb exploded, would ignite a self sustaining fusion reaction.

In condensed matter, such as a solid or liquid, the distinction between conduction and radiative transfer of heat is clear in physical concept, but it is often not phenomenologically clear, unless the material is semi-transparent.

The sawtooth roof's lighting concept partially reduces the summer " solar furnace " skylight problem, but still allows warm interior air to rise and touch the exterior roof glass in the cold winter, with significant undesirable heat transfer.

Thus, complexity is not a special quality of systems, like for instance the concept of " heat ", but simply a label for all systems whose computations are sophisticated.

His theory was at once mathematical and mechanical ; it contained the principle of the conservation of heat ( later understood as an instance of conservation of energy ) and even contained the concept ( although not the label ) of the mechanical equivalent of heat.

In his ideal model, the heat of caloric converted into work could be reinstated by reversing the motion of the cycle, a concept subsequently known as thermodynamic reversibility.

If only adiabatic processes were of interest, and heat could be ignored, the concept of internal energy would hardly arise or be needed.

However, there is a principal difference between the concept of heat and a mechanical movement of particles, which shows in spectroscopy.

Discussing the concept of temperature, James Clerk Maxwell in 1872 wrote: " If when two bodies are placed in thermal communication, one of the two bodies loses heat, and the other gains heat, that body which gives out heat is said to have a higher temperature than that which receives heat from it.

The name has been extended to many other entities, and the concept of a protective shield is found in other mythologies, while its form varies across sources.

Simek says that this original concept was " superseded by the shield girls — Irish female warriors who lived on like the einherjar in Valhall.

A force field, sometimes known as an energy shield, force shield, or deflector shield is a concept of a field tightly bounded of significant magnitude so that objects affected by the particular force relating to the field are unable to pass through the central axis of the field and reach the other side.

While one can translate the phrase to mean " splendour without diminishment ", in combination with the geographical position of British Columbia ( in the far west of the former British Empire ), the setting sun shown on the shield, and the old concept of the sun never setting over the Empire, the motto should be understood to express the idea " a shining without a sunset ".

The concept was that the bigger but slower warships would shield the Daiquiri beachhead and supply ships to supporting the land invasion to the East and the faster ships to the West would be able to converge on the Spanish fleet as it came out.

However, this was only the invention of the shield concept and did not involve the construction of a complete tunnel boring machine, the digging still having to be accomplished by the then standard excavation methods.

Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson re-introduced then Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent's UN military force concept in the form of an ' Emergency Force ' that would intercede and divide the combatants, and form a buffer zone or ' human shield ' between the opposing forces.

One weapon considered for Jazz was a plasma cannon that combined with his shield, shown in concept art by Hasbro at BotCon 2007.

Holtzman later calculates that the field can be modified to prevent penetration from physical projectiles ; Cenva agrees, correcting the flaws in his concept but noting that objects can still pass through the shield at a slow enough speed.

In 2006, Dr. Alibek published this concept in one of major peer-reviewed journals in the US: Alibek K and G Liu ( 2006 ), " Biodefense shield and avian influenza ", Emerging Infectious Diseases.

The concept of using a shield to cover an archer dates to at least to the writing of Homer's Iliad, where Ajax uses his shield to cover his half-brother Teucer, an archer, while he would " peer round " and shoot arrows.

Jean Bodin, writing in the sixteenth century, may have been the seminal thinker, but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood.

They recognized that slavery was a moral issue and not merely an economic interest, and that to recognize it explicitly in their Constitution would be in explosive contradiction to the concept of sovereignty they had set forth in the Declaration of 1776 that `` all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

But though the Southern States, when drafting a constitution to unite themselves, narrowed the difference to this fine point by omitting to assert the right to secede, the fact remained that by seceding from the Union they had already acted on the concept that it was composed primarily of sovereign states.

What was perhaps more important than his concept of the nature of history and the historical method were those forces which shaped the direction of his thought.

There was only one way to accomplish this: by design, by drawing diagrams and sketches in which he probed the remotest corner of his mind for creative ideas to carry his concept.

what mattered was that a new concept of Americans was being born.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

there was no Martian concept to match it -- unless one took `` church '' and `` worship '' and `` God '' and `` congregation '' and many other words and equated them to the totality of the only world he had known during growing-waiting then forced the concept back into English in that phrase which had been rejected ( by each differently ) by Jubal, by Mahmoud, by Digby.

He was closer to understanding it in English now, although it could never have the inevitability of the Martian concept it stood for.

`` I did not perceive this essential distinction either, First-Born '', Hesperus said at once, `` I was only practicing a concept that Jack taught me, called a deal ''.

This concept was emphasized by Sufi mystics like Rabia al-Adawiyya who paid attention to the difference between dedication to Allah ( i. e. God ) and dedication to people.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

A third concept was proposed in 1923 by Gilbert N. Lewis which includes reactions with acid-base characteristics that do not involve a proton transfer.

The concept of an atom as an indivisible component of matter was first proposed by early Indian and Greek philosophers.

As it took many years for the name " The Ashes " to be given to the ongoing series between England and Australia, there was no concept of there being a representation of the ashes being presented to the winners.

Ford was the first company to build large factories around the assembly line concept.

The assembly line concept was independently redeveloped throughout history and not " invented " at one time by one person.

A peculiar feature of these Taoist thinkers, like the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, was the concept of feng liu ( lit.

Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.

The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by — and is therefore distinct from — God the Father.

Woolfson, a songwriter and composer, was working as a session pianist ; he had also composed material for a concept album idea based on the work of Edgar Allan Poe.

A grant application to build a proof of concept prototype was submitted in March 1939 to the Agronomy department which was also interested in speeding up computation for economic and research analysis.