The term nocebo ( Latin for " I will harm ") was chosen by Walter Kennedy, in 1961, to denote the counterpart of one of the more recent applications of the term placebo ( Latin for " I will please "); namely, that of a placebo being a drug that produced a beneficial, healthy, pleasant, or desirable consequence in a subject, as a direct result of that subject's beliefs and expectations.

The term " nocebo " can also refer to positive outcomes based upon the patient's expectation of that outcome.

The term " nocebo response " originally only meant an unpredictable unintentional belief-generated injurious response to an inert procedure, but there is an emerging practice of labelling drugs that produce unpleasant consequences as " nocebo drugs " meaning that the term " nocebo response " may be used to label an intentional, entirely pharmacologically-generated and quite predictably injurious outcome that has ensued from the administration of an active ( nocebo ) drug.

Anthropologists use the term " nocebo ritual " to describe a procedure, treatment, or ritual that has been performed ( or a herbal remedy or medication that has been administered ) with malicious intent, by contrast with a placebo procedure or treatment or ritual that is performed with a benevolent intent.

Kennedy very strongly emphasized that his specific usage of the term nocebo did not refer to " the iatrogenic action of drugs ": in other words, according to Kennedy, there was no such thing as a " nocebo effect ", there was only a " nocebo response ".

He insisted that a nocebo reaction was subject-centred, and he was emphatic that the term nocebo reaction specifically referred to " a quality inherent in the patient rather than in the remedy.

And, finally, and most definitely, Kennedy was not speaking of an active drug's unwanted, but pharmacologically predictable negative side-effects ( something for which the term nocebo is being increasingly used in current literature ).

Flight surgeons serve a two-year term, and act as the team recorder during air shows, and help oversee emergency response planning with the various air show planners.

The derivative term is used to provide damping or shaping of the response.

In the short term, CERTs perform data gathering, especially to locate mass-casualties requiring professional response, or situations requiring professional rescues, simple fire-fighting tasks ( for example, small fires, turning off gas ), light search and rescue, damage evaluation of structures, triage and first aid.

Later, the term acquired a broader meaning in philosophy, where it is formulated as the problem of limiting the beliefs that have to be updated in response to actions.

The movements of flight controls are converted to electronic signals transmitted by wires ( hence the fly-by-wire term ), and flight control computers determine how to move the actuators at each control surface to provide the ordered response.

The senators were left with only one constitutional response – to threaten prosecution after Tiberius's term as a tribune ended.

Braid coined the term " mono-ideodynamic " to refer to the theory that hypnotism operates by concentrating attention on a single idea in order to amplify the ideo-dynamic reflex response.

Braid extended Carpenter's theory to encompass the influence of the mind upon the body more generally, beyond the muscular system, and therefore referred to the " ideo-dynamic " response and coined the term " psycho-physiology " to refer to the study of general mind / body interaction.

Library 2. 0, a term coined in 2005, is the library's response to the challenge of Google and an attempt to meet the changing needs of users by using web 2. 0 technology.

In 1958, during the last months of President Camille Chamoun's term, an insurrection broke out, and 5, 000 United States Marines were briefly dispatched to Beirut on July 15 in response to an appeal by the government.

Subsequent reuse of and response to the term, including the picokernel coinage, suggest that the point was largely missed.

On 15 May 2009, in response to their parties opposition to a proposed referendum to allow the President to seek a third term, the three members of RDP-Jama ' a and ANDP-Zaman Lahiya were replaced with ministers drawn from the MNSD-Nassara.

The term observational error is also sometimes used to refer to response errors and some other types of non-sampling error.

Fluorescent activity is a short term or rapid emission response, unlike phosphorescence, which is a delayed emission.

Garth Jowett and Victoria O ' Donnell have provided a concise, workable definition of the term: " Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.

In 1949 the term was used to describe a dissatisfaction with modern architecture, and led to the postmodern architecture movement, perhaps also a response to the modernist architectural movement known as the International Style.

In companies that use large numbers of cubicles in a common space, employees sometimes use the term prairie dogging to refer to the action of several people simultaneously looking over the walls of their cubicles in response to a noise or other distraction.

Examples include phosphatidylinositol ( 4, 5 )- bisphosphate ( PIP < sub > 2 </ sub >), that can be split by the enzyme Phospholipase C into inositol triphosphate ( IP < sub > 3 </ sub >) and diacylglycerol ( DAG ), which both carry out the functions of the G < sub > q </ sub > type of G protein in response to various stimuli and intervene in various processes from long term depression in neurons < ref > to leukocyte signal pathways started by chemokine receptors .< ref >

This has led to the coining of the term " industrial melanism " to refer to the genetic darkening of species in response to pollutants.

Skinner put forward a " three term contingency model " which helped promote analysis of behavior based on the " Stimulus-Response-Consequence Model " in which the critical question is: " Under which circumstances or antecedent ' stimuli ' does the organism engage in a particular behavior or ' response ', which in turn produces a particular ' consequence '?

Whewell's suggestion of the term was partly satirical, a response to changing conceptions of science itself in which natural knowledge was increasingly seen as distinct from other forms of knowledge.

Although " safe sex " is used by individuals to refer to protection against both pregnancy and HIV / AIDS or other STI transmissions, the term was primarily derived in response to the HIV / AIDS epidemic.

The term " Summer of Love " originated with the formation of the Council for the Summer of Love in the spring of 1967 as response to the convergence of young people on the Haight-Ashbury district.

Prominent Sri Lankan anthropologists Gananath Obeyesekere and Kitsiri Malalgoda used the term " Protestant Buddhism " to describe a type of Buddhism that appeared among the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka as a response to Protestant Christian missionaries and their evangelical activities during the British colonial period.

The movement of the demand curve in response to a change in a non-price determinant of demand is caused by a change in the x-intercept, the constant term of the demand equation.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

'' The other important difference between the two Constitutions was that the President of the Confederacy held office for six ( instead of four ) years, and was limited to one term.

Bang-Jensen said you told correspondents that you had checked in advance to make sure the term ' aberrant conduct ' was not libelous.

His parents talked seriously and lengthily to their own doctor and to a specialist at the University Hospital -- Mr. McKinley was entitled to a discount for members of his family -- and it was decided it would be best for him to take the remainder of the term off, spend a lot of time in bed and, for the rest, do pretty much as he chose -- provided, of course, he chose to do nothing too exciting or too debilitating.

His teacher and his school principal were conferred with and everyone agreed that, if he kept up with a certain amount of work at home, there was little danger of his losing a term.

The term enquetes demographiques, previously used for the supplementary investigations carried out in connection with the administrative censuses, was used for the new investigations.

This term was also used by the cowboy in the sense of a human showin' fight, as one cowhand was heard to say, `` He arches his back like a mule in a hailstorm ''.

the first use of the word `` rustler '' was as a synonym for `` hustler '', becomin' an established term for any person who was active, pushin', and bustlin' in any enterprise.

Engages must be loyal to the concessionaires, and must serve until the term provided in the engagement was ended.

The September-October term jury had been charged by Fulton Superior Court Judge Durwood Pye to investigate reports of possible `` irregularities '' in the hard-fought primary which was won by Mayor-nominate Ivan Allen Jr..

When the crowd was asked whether it wanted to wait one more term to make the race, it voted no -- and there were no dissents.

Petitions asking for a jail term for Norristown attorney Julian W. Barnard will be presented to the Montgomery County Court Friday, it was disclosed Tuesday by Horace A. Davenport, counsel for the widow of the man killed last Nov. 1 by Barnard's hit-run car.

Friday afternoon the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman was reelected for his second consecutive two-year term as general superintendent of Assemblies of God.

Commenting on the earlier stage, the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors ( in a recent report on the question of faculty participation in administrative decision-making ) noted that the term `` teacher-employee '' ( as opposed to, e.g., `` maintenance employee '' ) was a not inapt description.

The Unitarian clergy were an exclusive club of cultivated gentlemen -- as the term was then understood in the Back Bay -- and Parker was definitely not a gentleman, either in theology or in manners.

or `` Carmine Theater, 1912 '', the only canvas with an ash can ( and foraging dog ), although Sloan was a member of the famous `` Eight '', and of the so-called `` Ash-Can School '', a term he resented.

The term was introduced into optics by Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria.

In 1846, Lincoln was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, where he served one two-year term.

Realizing Clay was unlikely to win the presidency, Lincoln, who had pledged in 1846 to serve only one term in the House, supported General Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination in the 1848 presidential election.