The history of Organum would not be complete without two of its greatest innovators, Leonin and Perotin.

Again according to Anonymous IV, Perotin wrote a number of replacement clausulae from organa dupla by Leonin.

As the tenor in Leonin's organa dupla in discant sections proceeds always in the 5th mode ( all longs in a rhythmic group ordine ), Perotin, who was a generation removed from Leonin, saw fit to improve them by introducing different modes for the tenor and new melodic lines for the dupla, increasing the rhythmic organization and diversity of the section.

c. 1200 ), also called Perotin the Great, was a European composer, believed to be French, who lived around the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century.

In monophonic song, be it chant or a conductus simplex by Perotin, there is no need to vary from the classical standards for declamation that were a rooted tradition at the time, going back to St. Augustine, De Musica.

The presence of Leonin and Perotin at the Notre Dame School made Paris the center of the musical world in the 12th century.

The earliest motets are the Notre Dame motets, written by composers such as Leonin and Perotin during the 13th century.

An example of a Notre Dame motet is Salve, salus hominum / O radians stella / nostrum by Perotin, composed between 1180 and 1238.

Perotin " is the best composer of Discantus ," according to Anonymous IV, an English student, writing ca. 1275, who has provided at least a few morsels of factual information on Paris Organum and its composers.

* Articles Anonymous theoretical writings, Organum, Leonin, Perotin, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed.

Von Leonin zu Perotin: Der musikalische Paradigmenwechsel in Paris um 1210.

program notes to The Hilliard Ensemble: Perotin.

* Perotin.

" The innovations of Leonin and Perotin mark the development of the rhythmic modes.

While it is well known that Leonin composed a great deal of organum, it was the innovations of Perotin, who spent much of his time revising the organum purum of Leonin, that caused generations of organum and motet composers to exploit the principles of the rhythmic modes.

The motet that became the main ' object ' of compositional creativity in the fourteenth century is rooted in the lifetime of Perotin and his works.

Perotin further developed discantus in three part Organum ( Organum Triplum ) where both organal voices are in discantus.

Perotin set several texts by Philippe le Chancelier, while some texts refer to contemporary events.

even when the fences became a part of the game -- when a vine-embowered gate-post was the Sleeping Beauty's enchanted castle, or when Rapunzel let down her golden hair from beneath the crocketed spire, even then we paid little heed to those who went by on the path outside.

If his circumspection in regard to Philip's sensibilities went so far that he even refused to grant a dispensation for the marriage of Amadee's daughter, Agnes, to the son of the dauphin of Vienne -- a truly peacemaking move according to thirteenth-century ideas, for Savoy and Dauphine were as usual fighting on opposite sides -- for fear that he might seem to be favoring the anti-French coalition, he would certainly never take the far more drastic step of ordering the return of Gascony to Edward, even though, as he admitted to the English ambassadors, he had been advised that the original cession was invalid.

The chief, annoyed by these questions, knocks Voltaire down and shouts at him that he not only never went to any school, but never even learned how to read.

Mother even went so far as to trump up for me matrimonial opportunities with Pasadena debs who had been educated abroad, and with those of the more lenient Los Angeles area where a debutante was a girl who had been to high school.

Of the two, Porter is justly the better known, for he went far beyond the vital finding of fiction for films to take the first step toward fashioning a language of film, toward making the motion picture the intricate, efficient time machine that it has remained since, even in the most inept hands.

Moreover, prudence alone would indicate that, unless the local customs are already ready to fall when pushed, the results of direct economic action everywhere upon national chain stores will likely be simply to give undue advantage to local and state stores which conform to these customs, leading to greater decentralization and local autonomy within the company, or even ( as the final self-defeat of an unjust application of economic pressure to correct injustice ) to its going out of business in certain sections of the country ( as, for that matter, the Quakers, who once had many meetings in the pre-Civil War South, largely went out of business in that part of the country over the slavery issue, never to recover a large number of southern adherents ).

Speaking in a low voice of loathing she went up to the girl, who stood with the same upright, scornful bearing and did not even look at the knife.

At the beginning, it was considered a sort of Taoist sect, and there was even a theory about Laozi, founder of Taoism, who went to India and taught his philosophy to Buddha.

Sartori says that people who went through out-of-body experiences felt as if they floated above themselves and were able to accurately recount what had happened in the room even though their bodily eyes were closed.

He even went so far as to decorate his schoolroom with visual elements he thought would inspire learning: paintings, books, comfortable furniture, and busts or portraits of Plato, Socrates, Jesus, and William Ellery Channing.

The Court went on to note that even if the defendant could have shown that he would not have entered a guilty plea " but for " the rationale of receiving a lesser sentence, the plea itself would not have been ruled invalid.

What fuel there was went to panzer divisions, and even then they were not able to operate normally.

At the beginning, it was considered a sort of Taoist sect, and there was even a theory about Laozi, founder of Taoism, who went to India and taught his philosophy to Buddha.

They even went as far as to say pilots could do “ drive-up take-offs and drive-in landings ”, implying that flying these aircraft was as easy as driving a car.

The Rockies went 73 – 89 in both years that Hampton and Neagle were in Colorado, and the amount of money owed them ( the Rockies paid a sizable portion of Hampton's salary even after he was traded to the Atlanta Braves ) crippled the team for the next several years.

Trotsky's views went unheeded until 1923, when the Politburo announced a resolution where it reaffirmed party democracy, and even declared the possibility of ending the appointment powers of the center.

A 1973 diagnosis of colon cancer, however, led Atkins to redefine his role at RCA, to allow others to handle administration while he went back to his first love, the guitar, often recording with Reed or even Homer & Jethro's Jethro Burns ( Atkins's brother-in-law ) after Homer died in 1971.

In later years he even went back to radio, appearing on Garrison Keillor's Prairie Home Companion radio program, on American Public Media radio, even picking up a fiddle from time to time.

Reynolds went on to arguably even greater achievements as a coach, a position to which he was first appointed, jointly with Harry Hunter, in 1939 ( this was while Reynolds was still a player ).

In 1970 five players went on strike before the season even began, demanding higher payments.

Bradbury went even further to elaborate his meaning, saying specifically that the culprit in Fahrenheit 451 is not the state — it is the people.

They habitually disregarded the terms of the constitution, and, even when the elections that they rigged went against them, the directors routinely used draconian police measures to quell dissent.

It may be that in this comment he has broken from the conventional pattern more violently than in any other regard, for the treatment in his books is far removed from even the genial irony of Ellen Glasgow, who was the only important novelist before him to challenge the conventional picture of planter society.

We are all, though many of us are snobbish enough to wish to deny it, in far closer sympathy with the art of the music-hall and picture-palace than with Chaucer and Cimabue, or even Shakespeare and Titian.

Yet even in the more extreme of such cases we seldom go very far astray in guessing what his age actually is.

That fact is very clearly illustrated in the case of the many present-day intellectuals who were Communists or near-Communists in their youth and are now so extremely conservative ( or reactionary, as many would say ) that they can define no important political conviction that does not seem so far from even a centrist position as to make the distinction between Mr. Nixon and Mr. Khrushchev for them hardly worth noting.

Civil Defense has far to go and many problems to solve, but is it not in the best spirit of our pioneer tradition to be not only willing, but prepared to care for our own families and help our neighbors in any disaster -- storm, flood, accident or even war??

I fought like a tigress but by the time I appealed my case to the Supreme Court ( 1937 ), Mr. Roosevelt and his `` henchmen '' had done their `` dirty work '' all too well, even going so far as to attempt to `` pack '' the highest tribunal in the land in order to defeat little me.

The girls are prone to dress far more flamboyantly than their counterparts out of town, and eye shadow, mascara, and elaborate bouffant hairdos -- despite the admonitions of cautious guidance personnel -- are not unknown even in early morning classes.

But his is still a simple life relatively free of the female presence or influence, and he must go far, even though he may go fast, for sophisticated pleasures.

Progress will take place far less through what is done in any `` summit conference '' of the National Council or the World Council, or even in offices of the denominational boards, than through what happens in the communities where Christian people live together as neighbors.

Sashimi was In, Samuel Burns had suggested, because it was too far Out to stay Out, even if it was a little pretentious.

The shame and guilt this method induced, he believed, was far superior to the fear instilled by corporal punishment ; when he used physical " correction " he required that the students be unanimously in support of its application, even including the student to be punished.

God will not hold back judgment because Israel refuses to listen to the prophets and even goes so far as to try to silence them ( 2: 12, 3: 8, 7: 10-17 ).

* 1859 – A geomagnetic storm causes the Aurora Borealis to shine so brightly that it is seen clearly over parts of USA, Europe, and even as far away as Japan.

In addition, proponents of inquisitorial systems argue that the plea bargain system causes the participants within the system to act in perverse ways, in that it encourages prosecutors to bring charges far in excess of what is warranted and defendants to plead guilty even when they believe that they are not.

The army reforms were not yet completed by the war of 1809, in which Charles acted as commander in chief, yet even so it proved a far more formidable opponent than the old and was only defeated after a desperate struggle involving Austrian victories and large loss of life on both sides.

Historically the languages were spoken over a larger area: West to the mouth of the Vistula river in present-day Poland, at least as far East as the Dniepr river in present-day Belarus, perhaps even to Moscow, perhaps as far south as Kiev.

Legend has it that for five great Gaelic families — the O ' Gradys, the O ' Neills, the Ó Briains, the Ó Conchobhairs, and the Caomhánachs — the lament would be sung by a fairy woman ; having foresight, she would sing the lament when a family member died, even if the person had died far away and news of their death had not yet come, so that the wailing of the banshee was the first warning the household had of the death.