A common way out of this argument is not to answer the question ( e. g. with a simple ' yes ' or ' no '), but to challenge the assumption behind the question.

Richard Frye makes the argument that Khosrau's rationale behind his numerous wars with the Byzantine empire as well as the eastern Hephthalites was to establish the Sassanian dominance on this trade route.

However, while the implied argument behind this claim is that pain is what makes the horse buck, in actual practice, irritants or pain generally interfere with a horse's ability to buck in an energetic and athletic fashion.

Nicetas account from behind the Byzantine frontier apparently set a strong precedent for later writing both in tone and points of argument.

Rawls has also emphasized the relatively modest role that maximin plays in his argument: it is " a useful heuristic rule of thumb " given the curious features of choice behind the veil of ignorance.

It is important to be able to analyze the reasoning behind a given argument and write a critique of that argument.

Although Buckingham, not Shaftesbury, was behind Jenks ' speech, many suspected Shaftesbury's involvement ; after Jenks ' speech, Shaftesbury decided to take full advantage of the argument, arranging with his allies for a number of pamphlets arguing the case.

The homunculus argument shows this is not a full explanation because all that has been done is to place an entire person, or homunculus, behind the eye that gazes at the retinae.

The reasons behind the argument that “ larger is better ” include the reduction in the negative impacts of patch edge effects, the general idea that species richness increases with habitat area and the ability of larger habitats to support greater populations with lower extinction probabilities.

The basis behind this argument is that jealousy was beneficial in our ancestor ’ s time when cuckoldry was more common ( Buss et al., 1992 ).

Leaking secret information, digging into a candidate's past ( opposition research ) or exposing real conflicts between the image presented and the person behind the image are always subject to argument as to whether they are dirty tricks or truth-telling.

This prompts him to initiate an argument with Sarah, during which she finds a bra that the girl who Tom was with left behind.

If proceedings ( such as legal argument about the admissibility of evidence ) take place which they are not supposed to see occur, the usher will escort them into a room just outside the courtroom ( probably behind the dock ).

The principle behind Goldstone's argument is that the ground state is not unique.

This argument is definitely an issue for Roj û Heyv, and is the reason behind the use of experimental interpretations.

The crux of his argument is found in the issue of freedom ; he saw the past as “ an evolution of people in society, marked by harsh conflict of contending classes and national forces, generating a progression toward greater freedom .” The driving force behind all of society is the nature of class existence and each struggle the oppressed class wages brings it closer to freedom.

After offering reasoning behind their main argument in favor of glocalization of educational leadership, the authors proceed to explain the specific approaches to developing glocal literacy for each of the nine domains they have named.

* During the argument between Jack and the Lieutenant, the TV behind the lieutenant plays Predator, another Schwarzenegger film also directed by John McTiernan.

" It can be seen that there is a misunderstanding here from the mere fact that in the course of our argument we give one interpretation after another ; as if each one contented us at least for a moment, until we thought of yet another one standing behind it.

In an argument over the Infinity Watch member Maxam, Gamora left the Infinity Watch and the Time Gem behind.

The Dop Doctor contains pro-Jingo arguments of the type which offers the stereotypical portrait of the Boer as backward and despiciably primitive, and the black man as a shadow figure behind the civilizing foreground, an appendage of an argument over what to do with his labour ".

There are many passages in which the argument simply consists of a succession of epigrams, which do indeed effectively explode on impact, shattering conventional trains of thought, but which, like most epigrams, leave behind among the debris in the reader's mind a trail of timid doubts and qualifications.

On top of oral stories from their ancestors, the basis of this argument are the bas-reliefs left behind by early Khmers in the ancient temples of the Bayon and other Angkor temples.

Chief among these was the argument that socialism, the accepted transition-phase between capitalism and communism in Marxist theory, was the primary reason behind the reversal of workers ' power in the Soviet Union and China and should be abandoned.

For example, Hacking writes " And neither the Dutch book argument, nor any other in the personalist arsenal of proofs of the probability axioms, entails the dynamic assumption.

This argument rests on the assumption that one can have a " moral " discussion on various scales ; that is, what is " good " for: a certain part of your being ( leaving open the possibility of conflicting motives ), you as a single individual, your family, your society, your species, your type of species.

The argument clearly depends on the assumption that if " good " were definable, it would be an analytic truth about " good ," an assumption many contemporary moral realists like Richard Boyd and Peter Railton reject.

This mirrors the key assumption in Anselm's argument.

His argument relies on the assumption that boundary conditions supply degrees of freedom that instead of being random are determined by higher level realities whose properties are dependent, but distinct, from the lower level from which they emerge.

In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers ' paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers and also called the " dark night sky paradox ", is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe.

This argument is dependent on the assumption that over-provisioning isn't a form of QoS and that it is always possible.

According to Hermann Weyl, the assumption that space is made of finite and discrete units is subject to a further problem, given by the " tile argument " or " distance function problem ".

But since the meaning of " surprising " has been restricted to not deducible from the assumption that the hanging will occur during the week instead of not deducible from statement ( A ), the argument is blocked.

The argument further states that meta-ethical relativists, by contrast, cannot condemn theft, rape or genocide ( nor commend generosity, marriage, or the preservation of life ) without relying on the assumption of an objective source for morality.

Hacking wrote " And neither the Dutch book argument, nor any other in the personalist arsenal of proofs of the probability axioms, entails the dynamic assumption.

When summarizing, Justice Brown declared, " We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority.

The argument above makes the implicit assumption that the two subsets of horses to which the induction assumption is applied have a common element.

The problem in the argument is the assumption that because each of these two sets contains only one color of horses, the original set also contained only one color of horses.

: Joe: Bill's assumption that Ginger is not a cat uses the argument from fallacy.

In both cases the argument depends on the assumption that it is logically possible for God to know every choice that he will make in advance of making that choice.

The latter applies normally to a form of argument that is not a genuine rule of logic, where the problematic mathematical step is typically a correct rule applied with a tacit wrong assumption.

The regression argument makes the assumption that the justification for a proposition takes the form of another proposition: P " justifies P ', which in turn justifies P. For coherentism, justification is a holistic process.

Logics formalizing default reasoning can be roughly divided in two categories: logics able to deal with arbitrary default assumptions ( default logic, defeasible logic / defeasible reasoning / argument ( logic ), and answer set programming ) and logics that formalize the specific default assumption that facts that are not known to be true can be assumed false by default ( closed world assumption and circumscription ).

The logical criticism is that of a fallacia suppositionis, which means gaining points in an argument by means of one assumption and, while keeping those points, concluding the argument with a contradictory assumption.