Ptolemy's catalogue is informed by Eudoxus of Cnidus, a Greek astronomer of the 4th century BC who introduced earlier Babylonian astronomy to the Hellenistic culture.

* Phaenomena, a treatise on spherical astronomy, survives in Greek ; it is quite similar to On the Moving Sphere by Autolycus of Pitane, who flourished around 310 BC.

The paradigm of a spherical Earth was developed in Greek astronomy, beginning with Pythagoras ( 6th century BC ), although most Pre-Socratics retained the flat Earth model.

Greek words have been widely borrowed into other languages, including English: mathematics, physics, astronomy, democracy, philosophy, thespian, athletics, theatre, rhetoric, baptism, evangelist etc.

Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought ( he is sometimes identified as the first economist ), archaic Greek astronomy and ancient time-keeping.

This new approach to astronomy was adopted and further developed in Greek and Hellenistic astronomy.

Babylonian astronomy served as the basis for much of Greek, classical Indian, Sassanian, Byzantine, Syrian, medieval Islamic, Central Asian, and Western European astronomy.

In astronomy and calendar studies, the Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris ( from Greek words for nineteen years ) is a period of very close to 19 years which is remarkable for being very nearly a common multiple of the solar year and the synodic ( lunar ) month.

Category: Ancient Greek astronomy

While Greek astronomy — thanks to Alexander's conquests — probably influenced Indian learning, to the point of introducing trigonometry, it seems to be the case that Indian mathematics is otherwise an indigenous tradition ; in particular, there is no evidence that Euclid's Elements reached India before the 18th century.

The first star catalogue in Greek astronomy was created by Aristillus in approximately 300 BC, with the help of Timocharis.

Many of the constellations and star names in use today derive from Greek astronomy.

Greek contributions to science — including works of geometry and mathematical astronomy, early accounts of biological processes and catalogs of plants and animals, and theories of knowledge and learning — were produced by philosophers and physicians, as well as practitioners of various trades.

Astronomical models of the universe were proposed soon after astronomy began with the Babylonian astronomers, who viewed the universe as a flat disk floating in the ocean, and this forms the premise for early Greek maps like those of Anaximander and Hecataeus of Miletus.

In both astrology and historical astronomy, the zodiac ( Greek: ζῳδιακός, zōidiakos ) is a circle of twelve 30 ° divisions of celestial longitude that are centered upon the ecliptic: the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year.

The Babylonian star catalogs entered Greek astronomy in the 4th century BC, via Eudoxus of Cnidus and others.

He commissions the refugees to translate Greek and Syriac works on astronomy, medicine and philosophy.

Still young, he entered in 1509 the University of Heidelberg where he studied philosophy, rhetoric, and astronomy / astrology, and was known as a good Greek scholar.

In lecturing on the Librorum de judiciis astrologicis of Ptolemy in 1535 – 6, Melanchthon expressed to students his interest in Greek mathematics, astronomy and astrology.

* The Greek geographer Strabo of Amaseia, in Geography 16. 1 –. 6, writes: " In Babylon a settlement is set apart for the local philosophers, the Chaldaeans, as they are called, who are concerned mostly with astronomy ; but some of these, who are not approved of by the others, profess to be writers of horoscopes.

* The Greek geographer Strabo of Amaseia, in Geography 16. 1 –. 6, writes: " In Babylon a settlement is set apart for the local philosophers, the Chaldaeans, as they are called, who are concerned mostly with astronomy ; but some of these, who are not approved of by the others, profess to be writers of horoscopes.

Today it also serves as the headquarters of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, while control of the building is shared between several Christian churches and secular entities in complicated arrangements essentially unchanged for centuries.

The phonemic inventory is essentially Slavic, as is much of the semantics, while the vocabulary derives primarily from the Romance languages, with a lesser contribution from the Germanic languages and minor contributions from Slavic languages and Greek.

The uppercase form of epsilon looks essentially identical to Latin E. The lowercase version has two typographical variants, both inherited from medieval Greek handwriting.

Autokratōr was essentially used as a translation of the Latin Imperator in Greek-speaking part of the Roman Empire, but also here there is only partial overlap between the meaning of the original Greek and Latin concepts.

Baslieus, a title which had long been used for Alexander the Great was already in common usage as the Greek word for the Roman emperor, but its definition and sense was " King " in Greek, essentially equivalent with the Latin Rex.

* Greek salad: the so-called Greek salad is known in Greece as village / country salad ( horiatiki ) and is essentially a tomato salad with cucumber, red onion, feta cheese, and kalamata olives, dressed with olive oil.

Beneath him, he held a council whose powers were essentially unlimited except by agreement of the larger council and in cases of murder, which were tried before a council of 300 drawn from the twelve cantons and meeting at a holy place, twenty miles southwest of Ancyra, written in Greek as Drynemeton ( Gallic * daru-nemeton holy place of oak ).

* The polis in Greek Antiquity and the equivalent city states in the feudal era and later, ( many in Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, the Moorish taifa in Iberia, essentially tribal-type but urbanized regions throughout the world in the Maya civilization, etc.

Merkelbach suggests that its mysteries were essentially created by a particular person or persons and created in a specific place, the city of Rome, by someone from an eastern province or border state who knew the Iranian myths in detail, which he wove into his new grades of initiation ; but that he must have been Greek and Greek-speaking because he incorporated elements of Greek Platonism into it.

Greek playwrights such as Euripides and Aristophanes used symbols to distinguish the ends of phrases in written drama: this essentially helped the play's cast to know when to pause.

A wide range of shapes for different uses developed early and remained essentially unchanged during the Greek history.

In one of a few exceptions to the rule that Black Roman literature was essentially superficial imitation of Greek works, the Roman Stoic philosopher Seneca wrote several closet-drama tragedies in exile, never meant for live performance.

In the meantime, instead of pursuing the conquest of central Italy, where the Imperial forces were too formidable for his small army, he decided to transfer his operations to the south of the peninsula, where he captured Beneventum and received the submission of the provinces of Lucania and Bruttium, Apulia and Calabria, essentially the whole of the Greek south ; their Imperial taxes were now diverted to his benefit.

Some city-states, notably Athens, evoked her as a protector but her most celebrated Greek rites and processions show her as an essentially foreign, exotic mystery-goddess, who arrives in a lion-drawn chariot to the accompaniment of wild music, wine, and a disorderly, ecstatic following.

Their appearance indicate the Greek desire for health which was connected with the Greek cult of the body that was essentially a religious activity.

The Greeks made a similar conclusion ; the Greek name Sirius essentially means scorcher.

He promoted a solution essentially the same as Tsar Alexander's: Greek autonomy under Ottoman suzerainty.

Virgil's Aeneid, in many respects, emulated Homer's Iliad ; Plautus, a comic playwright, followed in the footsteps of Aristophanes ; Tacitus ' Annals and Germania follow essentially the same historical approaches that Thucydides devised ( the Christian historian Eusebius does also, although far more influenced by his religion than either Tacitus or Thucydides had been by Greek and Roman polytheism ); Ovid and his Metamorphoses explore the same Greek myths again in new ways.

A summary of Classical sources on the Seres ( Greek and Roman name of China ) ( essentially Pliny and Ptolemy ) gives the following account:

The adoption of a standard recognizable type for a long time, is probably because nature gives preference in survival of a type which has long be adopted by the climatic conditions, and also due to the general Greek belief that nature expresses itself in ideal forms that can be imagined and represented.

The word aegis is identified with protection by a strong force with its roots in Greek mythology and adopted by the Romans ; there are parallels in Norse mythology and in Egyptian mythology as well, where the Greek word aegis is applied by extension.

As an example of efforts in recent times, Heidegger ( who himself drew on ancient Greek sources ) adopted German terms like Dasein to articulate the topic.

The later usage was in part attributed to the choices of gold, silver and bronze to represent the first three Ages of Man in Greek mythology: the Golden Age, when men lived among the gods ; the Silver age, where youth lasted a hundred years ; and the Bronze Age, the era of heroes, and was first adopted at the 1904 Summer Olympics.

The " warrior " derivation was adopted by the linguist, Julius Pokorny, who presented it as being from Indo-European * bhei ( ə )-, * bhī -, " hit ;" however, not finding any Celtic names close to it ( except for the Boii ), he adduces examples somewhat more widely from originals further back in time: phohiio-s -, a Venetic personal name ; Boioi, an Illyrian tribe ; Boiōtoi, a Greek tribal name (" the Boeotians ") and a few others.

Gaebelein states that " it is inconceivable that Greek terms for government and administration would not have been adopted into Aramaic by the second century BC.

1 and 2 Samuel were originally ( and still is in some Jewish bibles ) a single book, but the first Greek translation, produced in the centuries immediately before Christ, divided it into two ; this was adopted by the Latin translation used in the early Christian church of the West, and finally introduced into Jewish bibles around the early 16th century CE.

In Greek, the adjective kyriak-ós /- ē /- ón means " belonging, or pertaining, to a Kýrios " (" Lord "), and the usage was adopted by early Christians of the Eastern Mediterranean with regard to anything pertaining to the Lord Jesus Christ: hence " Kyriakós oíkos " (" house of the Lord ", church ), " Kyriakē " (" day of the Lord ", i. e. Sunday ), or " Kyriakē proseukhē " ( the " Lord's prayer ").

Digamma / wau was part of the original archaic Greek alphabet as initially adopted from Phoenician.

" Orthodox ", from Greek orthos (" right ", " true ", " straight ") + doxa (" opinion " or " belief ", related to dokein, " to think ") was adopted by the Church in order to distinguish itself from what was becoming a larger and larger body of non-orthodox Christian denominations.

The English word guitar, the German, and the French were adopted from the Spanish, which comes from the Andalusian Arabic, itself derived from the Latin, which in turn came from the Ancient Greek, and is thought to ultimately trace back to the Old Persian language Tar, which means string in Persian.

Philo had adopted the term Logos from Greek philosophy, using it in place of the Hebrew concept of Wisdom ( sophia ) as the intermediary ( angel ) between the transcendent Creator and the material world.

Although traditional Judaism had adopted some features of Kabbalah, it adapted them to fit its own system: it added to its own ritualism the asceticism of the " practical kabbalists " just across the eastern borders in the ancient Greek and Anatolian Jewish communities under the Ottoman Empire, who saw the essence of earthly existence only in fasting, in penance, and in spiritual sadness.

* 1822 – The design of the Greek flag is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.

He adopted Greek dactylic hexameter, which became the standard verse form for Roman epics.

Apart from his parents ' native languages Russian and Yiddish and his adopted language Polish, his linguistics attempts were also aided by his mastering of German, a good passive understanding of Latin, Hebrew and French, and a basic knowledge of Greek, English and Italian.

The classical Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome.

It is generally believed that the Romans adopted the Cumae alphabet, a variant of the Greek alphabet, in the 7th century BC from Cumae, a Greek colony in Southern Italy.

By the Imperial Period, the Romans had adopted the Greek combat sport ( spelled in Latin as pancratium ) into their Games.

The names Demeter and Kore are Greek, and this probably indicates that the Greeks adopted these divinities during their wandering, and that they were later fused with local divinities in the ancient cults.

* Psi ( Cyrillic ) ( Ѱ, ѱ ), a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, adopted from Greek