Before the widespread use of non-linear editing systems, the initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint ( cutting copy in UK ) by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a Moviola, or " flatbed " machine such as a K .- E .- M. or Steenbeck.

Before digital technology became widespread, for many decades, the scanned data was transmitted as analog.

Before the widespread availability of incendiary ammunition made commerce raiding too risky, they would also land or hover close to a merchant ship suspected of carrying contraband, order all ship's hands to leave in boats, then inspect the ship, and either destroy it or take it back to Germany as prize.

Before motorized transport became widespread, drummers played a key role in military conflicts.

Before the widespread use of Unix, TOPS-10 was a particularly popular system in universities, and in the early ARPANET community.

Before the widespread adoption of the web and e-mail beginning around 1994, publications such as Factsheet Five formed a vital directory for connecting like-minded people.

Before the widespread use of a vaccine against measles, its incidence was so high that infection with measles was felt to be " as inevitable as death and taxes.

Before local elections and in the face of widespread residents ' opposition to the distribution center, the Buda City Council unanimously voted against the land change.

Before the use of chopsticks became widespread, in the Nara period, rice was often rolled into a small ball so that it could be easily picked up.

Before the vaccine to rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6 – 9 years in the United States and 3 – 5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group.

* Before the widespread adoption of CAD, engineering plans or architectural drawings were plotted onto sheets of boPET film.

Before the widespread availability of Internet connectivity, computers were only connected by smaller private networks within a company or organization.

Before the early 1970s, hand-held electronic calculators were not yet in widespread use.

Before the mission of Lunar Prospector lunar satellite, it was commonly thought that these KREEP materials had been formed in a widespread layer beneath the crust.

Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like eggnog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings.

Before this the sale of hides, grain, honey, and wax to the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and Poland, and the import of silk, weapons and other manufactured goods from these areas had been widespread, but by the end of the 16th century the Ottoman Empire became the main market for Romanian products.

Before widespread formal education, Cantonese opera taught morals and messages to its audiences rather than being solely entertainment.

One of the first uses of perspective was in Giotto ’ s Jesus Before the Caïf, more than 100 years before Brunelleschi ’ s perspectival demonstrations galvanized the widespread use of convergent perspective of the Renaissance proper.

Before it was even in widespread service it was seeing major improvements.

Sariel is identified as being the same angel as Saraqael, said in the Book of Enoch to be the fifth archangel, set over spirits who sin in the spirit, change into all virtues, to eradicate particularly widespread vices of a city or a whole district and transform into all virtues, Before the identification of Sariel / Saraqael as the fifth archangel, however, the Book of Enoch identifies Sariel as one of the fallen host's " chiefs of tens.

Before the widespread use of gel electrophoresis, protein electrophoresis was performed as free flow electrophoresis, on paper, or as immunoelectrophoresis.

Before diesel engines came into widespread use, a similar system, using a petrol ( gasoline ) engine and called petrol-electric or gas-electric, was sometimes used.

Before the widespread use of online trading for the general public, paper trading was considered too difficult by many new investors.

Before electricity became sufficiently widespread and economical to allow for general public use, gas was the most popular means of lighting in cities and suburbs.

Before World War II, while black tie was still gaining acceptance, men would wear a white waistcoat, along with other details now associated primarily with white tie, such as stiff fronted shirts.

Before the members of both houses returned home on 30 March, they were required to swear an oath accepting the Act of Succession, and all the King's subjects were now required to swear to the legitimacy of the marriage and, by implication, to acceptance of the King's new powers and the break from Rome.

Before the sexual revolution of the 1960s, there was no common non-derogatory vocabulary for non-heterosexuality ; the closest such term, " third gender ", traces back to the 1860s but never gained wide acceptance in the United States.

Before the acceptance of the de Broglie hypothesis, diffraction was a property that was thought to be only exhibited by waves.

Before then, it was assumed that the Big Bang implied only an acceptance of the weaker cosmological principle which holds isotropy true only for spatial extents but not temporal extents.

Before its acceptance on a broader scale, many issues will need to be resolved.

* Day 3: Before A receives B's acceptance, B telephones A and states she wishes to reject the offer.

Before acceptance, however, the ius quaesitum tertio is tenuous so that acceptance of a benefit does not create a right, but rather entrenches that right.

Before the war's outbreak, the French government had reluctantly acquiesed to the British prime minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement and acceptance of Hitler's various violations of the Versailles treaty and his demands at Munich in 1938.

Before a user story is to be implemented, an appropriate acceptance procedure must be written by the customer to ensure by testing or otherwise determine whether the goals of the user story have been fulfilled.

Before 1938, the federal courts, like almost all other common law courts, decided the law on any issue where the relevant legislature ( either the U. S. Congress or state legislature, depending on the issue ), had not acted, by looking to courts in the same system, that is, other federal courts, even on issues of state law, and even where there was no express grant of authority from Congress or the Constitution.

Before she leaves she sternly notes that her daughter will not disclose any information whatsoever about her family, past, or herself and that Carmilla is of sound mind.

Before the fighting, the Parliament of England did not have a large permanent role in the English system of government, functioning as a temporary advisory committee, summoned by the monarch whenever the Crown required additional tax revenue, and subject to dissolution by the monarch at any time.

Before the snap of the ball, in the American game, backfield players may only move parallel to the line of scrimmage, only one back may be in motion at any given time, and if forward motion has occurred, the back must be still for a full second before the snap.

Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI.

Before any graphic elements may be applied to a design, the graphic elements must be originated by means of visual art skills.

* Short-lived nature of gene therapy – Before gene therapy can become a permanent cure for any condition, the therapeutic DNA introduced into target cells must remain functional and the cells containing the therapeutic DNA must be long-lived and stable.

" Before she can cry any further, Rhett asks Scarlett to marry him saying, " I always intended having you, one way or another.

Before placement of an IUD, a medical history and physical examination by a medical professional is useful to check for any contraindications or concerns.

Before any further steps could be taken at Rome, Gregory XI died ( 1378 ).

Before purchasing any work supposedly by Schwitters, it is best to consult the Kurt Schwitters Archive at the Sprengel Museum in Hannover, Germany.

Before that, most of these patterns were more connected to geographical regions than to any clan.

Before the late 19th century, the word " Lesbian " referred to any derivative or aspect of Lesbos, including a type of wine.

Before any institution invests a great deal of time and energy into building high-quality e-learning content ( which can cost over $ 10, 000 per classroom hour ), it needs to consider how this content can be easily loaded into a Learning Management System.

# Before any custodial interrogation began did the government agents properly advise the defendant of her Miranda rights? If “ Yes ” go to 6 ; If “ No ”, go to 18 ..

Before its establishment, Rulers were immune from any proceedings brought against them in their personal capacity.

Before Moses went up the mountain to receive the tablets, he told the elders to direct any questions that arose to Aaron or Hur.

Before then, the game was only available on a limited basis on the Commodore 64 due to few publishers showing any interest in porting it.

Before 1700, London brewers sent out their beer very young and any aging was either performed by the publican or a dealer.

Before the days of cultured pearls, black pearls were rare and highly valued for the simple reason that white pearl oysters rarely produced naturally black pearls, and black pearl oysters rarely produced any natural pearls at all.

Before taking any steps to meet the wishes of Michael, Louis asked the pope's permission for a number of his bishops to assemble and make a selection of passages from the Fathers to elucidate the question that the Greeks had put before them.

Before leaving Hollywood for Europe in 1952, following the problematic production The Crimson Pirate for Warner Bros., his third and last film with Burt Lancaster, Siodmak had directed some of the era's best film noirs, more than any other director who worked in that genre, twelve in all.

* Before 3: 50 a. m .: The Jerusalem Post reports that Osama bin Laden has given a speech denying any connection to the attacks, which he called admirable.

Before 2005, Seattle had the longest drought of playoff victories of any NFL team, dating back to the 1984 season.

Before the advent of the British, no empire based in mainland India had controlled any part of what now makes up the country's Northeast, part of the reason for the ongoing insurgency in Northeast India.