* Bottom-up parsing

Bottom-up parsing is a strategy for analyzing unknown data relationships that attempts to identify the most fundamental units first, and then to infer higher-order structures from them.

See Top-down parsing and Bottom-up parsing.

* Bottom-up parsing

* Bottom-up parsing, a computer science strategy

Bottom-up parsing identifies and processes the text's lowest-level small details first, before its mid-level structures, and leaving the highest-level overall structure to last.

# REDIRECT Bottom-up parsing

Bottom-up emphasizes coding and early testing, which can begin as soon as the first module has been specified.

Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use the chemical properties of single molecules to cause single-molecule components to ( a ) self-organize or self-assemble into some useful conformation, or ( b ) rely on positional assembly.

Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use the chemical properties of single molecules to cause single-molecule components to ( a ) self-organize or self-assemble into some useful conformation, or ( b ) rely on positional assembly.

Bottom-up processing is a type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception.

" Bottom-up " ( or " small chunk ") cognition is akin to focusing on the detail primarily, rather than the landscape.

* Online lecture on Molecular Electronics and the Bottom-up View of Electronic Conduction by S. Datta

Bottom-up approaches seek to have smaller ( usually molecular ) components built up into more complex assemblies, while top-down approaches seek to create nanoscale devices by using larger, externally controlled ones to direct their assembly.

* Integrated Parallel Bottom-up and Top-down Approach.

* Bottom-up approach: Once we formulate the solution to a problem recursively as in terms of its subproblems, we can try reformulating the problem in a bottom-up fashion: try solving the subproblems first and use their solutions to build-on and arrive at solutions to bigger subproblems.

* Bottom-up parsing-A parser can start with the input and attempt to rewrite it to the start symbol.

* Bottom-up models are often the result of a reengineering effort.

Bottom-up processes are generally driven by the abiotic conditions required for primary producers to grow, such as availability of light and nutrients, and the subsequent transfer of energy to consumers at higher trophic levels.

Bottom-up input arrives at layer 4 ( L4 ), whence it propagates to L2 and L3 for recognition of the invariant content.

Bottom-up effects occur when the population density of a resource affects the population of the resources ’ consumer.

Objective Elaboration: Bottom-up thinking in which facts are scrutinized without bias ; seeking truth wherever it might lead.

The reader will continue to use their initial interpretation as reference for future parsing until disambiguating information is given.

Parallel parsing means that the reader generates multiple interpretations of the sentence and stores them until disambiguating information is given, at which point only the correct interpretation is maintained.

XCOM uses a bottom-up parsing method, in which the compiler can delay its decision about which syntax rule it has encountered until it has seen the rightmost end of that phrase.

( Earley's original algorithm included a look-ahead in the state ; later research showed this to have little practical effect on the parsing efficiency, and it has subsequently been dropped from most implementations.

This assists in resynchronising a parser in cases where data has been lost or is corrupted, and is a sanity check before commencing parsing the page structure.

Similar event handlers are frequently utilized in today's web based applications to handle other exceptional conditions but repeatedly parsing data input, to ensure its validity before execution, has nevertheless become much more commonplace-partly because processors have become faster ( and the perceived need for efficiency in this area less significant ) but, predominantly-because data structures have become less ' formalized ' ( e. g.. csv and. tsv files ) or uniquely identifiable ( e. g. packed decimal ).

Most notably, it has conditionals and iterative loops which are applied at the parsing stage and may be used to conditionally and programmatically construct the makefile, including generation of targets at runtime.

Head-driven phrase structure grammar is another linguistic formalism which has been popular in the parsing community, but other research efforts have focused on less complex formalisms such as the one used in the Penn Treebank.

Although it has been believed that simple implementations of top-down parsing cannot accommodate direct and indirect left-recursion and may require exponential time and space complexity while parsing ambiguous context-free grammars, more sophisticated algorithms for top-down parsing have been created by Frost, Hafiz, and Callaghan which accommodate ambiguity and left recursion in polynomial time and which generate polynomial-size representations of the potentially exponential number of parse trees.

It has a highly modular architecture, allowing developers to create plug-ins for media-type parsing, data retrieval, querying and clustering.

Noam Chomsky has described Reinhart's contributions to the field of linguistics as " original and highly influential ," particularly regarding " syntactic structure and operations, referential dependence, principles of lexical semantics and their implications for syntactic organization, unified approaches to cross-linguistic semantic interpretation of complex structures that appear superficially to vary widely, the theory of stress and intonation, efficient parsing systems, the interaction of internal computations with thought and sensorimotor systems, optimal design as a core principle of language, and much else.

However, a close parsing of his words can perhaps allow Lancelot to retain his honorable word, for he never says that he has not lain with the queen, but rather that if anyone makes such a claim, he will fight them ( the assumption being that God will cause the liar to lose ).

This parsing into sub-genres can continue: " comedy " has its own genres, including, for example, comedy of manners, sentimental comedy, burlesque comedy, and satirical comedy.

However, it has been argued ( for example by Robert Berwick ) that these extensions require parsing algorithms of a higher order of computational complexity than those used for basic CFGs.

Memoization has also been used in other contexts ( and for purposes other than speed gains ), such as in simple mutually recursive descent parsing in a general top-down parsing algorithm that accommodates ambiguity and left recursion in polynomial time and space.

Each parsing rule in P has the form A ← e, where A is a nonterminal symbol and e is a parsing expression.

Because of this memoization, a packrat parser has the ability to parse many context-free grammars and any parsing expression grammar ( including some that do not represent context-free languages ) in linear time.

* The constructed language Lojban has a fairly large PEG grammar allowing unambiguous parsing of Lojban text.

However, Google has taken steps to prevent this by parsing the color of text as it indexes it and checking to see if it is transparent, giving those pages much lower rankings.

MacApp has been updated to fully support Carbon Events, Universal Binaries, Unicode Text, MLTE control, DataBrowser control, FSRefs, XML parsing, Custom Controls, Composite Window, Drawer Window, HIView Window and Custom Windows.

SwingWorker is useful when a time-consuming task has to be performed following a user-interaction event ( for example, parsing a huge XML File, on pressing a JButton ).