Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use the chemical properties of single molecules to cause single-molecule components to ( a ) self-organize or self-assemble into some useful conformation, or ( b ) rely on positional assembly.

Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use the chemical properties of single molecules to cause single-molecule components to ( a ) self-organize or self-assemble into some useful conformation, or ( b ) rely on positional assembly.

Bottom-up parse tree built in numbered steps

* Online lecture on Molecular Electronics and the Bottom-up View of Electronic Conduction by S. Datta

Bottom-up processes are generally driven by the abiotic conditions required for primary producers to grow, such as availability of light and nutrients, and the subsequent transfer of energy to consumers at higher trophic levels.

* Bottom-up approach: Once we formulate the solution to a problem recursively as in terms of its subproblems, we can try reformulating the problem in a bottom-up fashion: try solving the subproblems first and use their solutions to build-on and arrive at solutions to bigger subproblems.

Bottom-up processing is a type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception.

Bottom-up emphasizes coding and early testing, which can begin as soon as the first module has been specified.

Bottom-up parsing is a strategy for analyzing unknown data relationships that attempts to identify the most fundamental units first, and then to infer higher-order structures from them.

See Top-down parsing and Bottom-up parsing.

" Bottom-up " ( or " small chunk ") cognition is akin to focusing on the detail primarily, rather than the landscape.

* Integrated Parallel Bottom-up and Top-down Approach.

* Bottom-up parsing-A parser can start with the input and attempt to rewrite it to the start symbol.

Bottom-up parsing identifies and processes the text's lowest-level small details first, before its mid-level structures, and leaving the highest-level overall structure to last.

Bottom-up parsing lazily waits until it has scanned and parsed all parts of some construct before committing to what the combined construct is.

* Bottom-up models are often the result of a reengineering effort.

Bottom-up input arrives at layer 4 ( L4 ), whence it propagates to L2 and L3 for recognition of the invariant content.

Bottom-up effects occur when the population density of a resource affects the population of the resources ’ consumer.

Objective Elaboration: Bottom-up thinking in which facts are scrutinized without bias ; seeking truth wherever it might lead.

The subsequent conferences have resulted in a move to more interdisciplinary approaches with researchers aiming to combine the contextuality of archaeological research, which broadly describes the state of archaeoastronomy today, rather than merely establishing the existence of ancient astronomies archaeoastronomers seek to explain why people would have an interest in the night sky.

More modern and sophisticated approaches seek to maintain the idea of the morpheme while accommodating non-concatenative, analogical, and other processes that have proven problematic for Item-and-Arrangement theories and similar approaches.

The early English term is also used in the sense of " quiet ", reflecting calm, serene, and meditative approaches to family or group relationships that avoid quarreling and seek tranquility — an absence of disturbance or agitation.

Scientific approaches also seek to break down variance beyond these two categories of nature and nurture.

However, a lot of programs seek to combine both approaches ; for instance, guinea worm eradication, a single-disease international program currently run by the Carter Center has involved the training of many local volunteers, boosting bottom-up capacity, as have international programs for hygiene, sanitation, and access to primary health-care.

Behavioral psychology approaches to stock market trading are among some of the more promising alternatives to EMH ( and some investment strategies seek to exploit exactly such inefficiencies ).

By contrast " progressive " approaches seek to address problems in social inequity with approaches that often incorporate principles of constructivism and discovery.

There have since been two approaches that seek to reconcile the anthropological and biological perspectives.

Based on Bird ’ s research, the following positive approaches can be adopted by the project managers leading such heterogeneous teams in order to seek positive effects of managing diversity in project teams effectively:

Other approaches in distinguishing tax avoidance and tax mitigation are to seek to identify “ the spirit of the statute ” or “ misusing ” a provision.

Such approaches seek to cover the full range of information problem-solving actions that a person would normally undertake, when faced with an information problem or with making a decision based on available resources.

Recommender systems or recommendation systems ( sometimes replacing " system " with a synonym such as platform or engine ) are a subclass of information filtering system that seek to predict the ' rating ' or ' preference ' that a user would give to an item ( such as music, books, or movies ) or social element ( e. g. people or groups ) they had not yet considered, using a model built from the characteristics of an item ( content-based approaches ) or the user's social environment ( collaborative filtering approaches ).

He was the principal author of the Ed-Flex bill, which encouraged states to seek innovative approaches to education.

CLEA's goal is to seek the integration of different approaches of reality, without the loss of specialised insight, i. e. an interdisciplinary perspective, enabling scientists from different disciplines to work together, enabling interdisciplinary exchange and communication between the sciences and the humanities, between layman and specialist.

Additionally, microformats have been compared to other approaches that seek to serve the same or similar purpose.

There are two main approaches to comparative sociology: some seek similarity across different countries and cultures whereas others seek variance.

If a predator or danger approaches, the duck will seek safety and remain with their human flock member rather than flee and become lost and separated away from the human flock member.

Avant-garde choreographers, seeking new forms of continuity for their new vocabulary of movements, have turned to similar approaches.

`` We have two approaches for the technical man: the position of staff engineer, which is rated as high in salary as department manager ; ;

Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Homeopathy and Naturopathy are cited as examples The term appears to have entered into usage through the National Institute of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( NCCAM ), which began to employ it as a substitute for alternative medical systems as a way of differentiating widely comprehensive systems of medicine, such as Ayurvedic medicine, from specialized alternative approaches.

Ásatrú communities ( kindreds, hearths, mots ) have different approaches to the frequency of blóts and their means of celebrating them.

These guns ( some of which were of the three barrelled kind first seen at Elixheim the previous year ) enjoyed good arcs of fire, able to fully cover the approaches of the plateau of Jandrenouille over which the Allied infantry would have to pass.

Its partners include some of the biggest players in the worlds of computing, communications, and consumer electronics, and it's loaded with top-notch engineers who have been given a clean slate to reinvent traditional approaches to ubiquitous worldwide communications.

Canals need to be level, and, while small irregularities in the lie of the land can be dealt with through cuttings and embankments, for larger deviations, other approaches have been adopted.

Locks use a lot of water, so builders have adopted other approaches.

Where the canal is not at sea level a number of approaches have been adopted.

Many CBT treatment programs for specific disorders have been evaluated for efficacy ; the health-care trend of evidence-based treatment, where specific treatments for symptom-based diagnoses are recommended, has favored CBT over other approaches such as psychodynamic treatments.

In addition to the traditional compost pile, various approaches have been developed to handle different composting processes, ingredients, locations, and applications for the composted product.

Computer music systems and approaches are now ubiquitous, and so firmly embedded in the process of creating music that we hardly give them a second thought: computer-based synthesizers, digital mixers, and effects units have become so commonplace that use of digital rather than analog technology to create and record music is the norm, rather than the exception.

Reduced systemic toxicity means that they can also be used in sicker patients, and that they can carry new chemotherapeutic agents that would have been far too toxic to deliver via traditional systemic approaches.

Recently, new electrochemotherapy modalities have been developed for treatment of internal tumors using surgical procedures, endoscopic routes or percutaneous approaches to gain access to the treatment area.

However many new approaches have appeared in recent years, especially by such scholars as Wilda Anderson, Kurt Ballstadt, Daniel Brewer, Jay Caplan, Andrew Clark, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Rosalina de la Carrera, Julie Candler Hays, Thomas M. Kavanagh, Walter Rex, and Pierre Saint-Amand.

Though the theory of dark matter remains the most widely accepted theory to explain the anomalies in observed galactic rotation, some alternative theoretical approaches have been developed which broadly fall into the categories of modified gravitational laws and quantum gravitational laws.

Though foreign-driven economic approaches have mostly focused on exports and on resource exploitation and development rather than on sustainable economic development and stability within the regions and the micro-environments, some economic teams, such as one led by David Lempert, have sought to focus on sustainability.

The decoherence approaches to interpreting quantum theory have been further explored and developed, becoming quite popular.

Two approaches have been attempted to solve the problems cited above.

Still other authors who have differing approaches to embouchure development include Louis Maggio, Jeff Smiley, and Jerome Callet.

Feminists have many approaches to cinema analysis, regarding the film elements analysed and their theoretical underpinnings.

Free to Choose: A Personal Statement maintains that the free market works best for all members of a society, provides examples of how the free market engenders prosperity, and maintains that it can solve problems where other approaches have failed.