By 1881 the Volta associates had succeeded in improving an Edison tinfoil machine to some extent.

By 1881 both Ireland and Wales had representative teams, and in 1883 the first international competition, the Home Nations Championship had begun.

By the late 19th century 90 % of all Shetland was owned by just 32 people, and between 1861 and 1881 more than 8, 000 Shetlanders emigrated.

By 1881, nearly 1500 torpedoes had been produced.

By July 1, 1881, minor party dissension over the Conkling affair remained while President Garfield continued his policy of forbidding Vice President Chester A. Arthur, a Conkling ally, from attending presidential cabinet meetings.

By 1881, civil service reform associations had organized with renewed energy across the nation, including New York.

By 1881, both Marx and Engels began to contemplate a course of development in Russia that would lead directly to the communist stage without the intervening bourgeois stage.

By late 1880 William Bell had begun to organize railway construction in Utah that would become the Palmer controlled Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway in mid 1881.

By 1881 the Fort Worth Democrat was complaining that Hell's Half Acre covered more like.

By 1881 there were fancy restaurants, a bowling alley, four churches, an ice house, a school, an opera house, two banks, three newspapers, and an ice cream parlor, alongside 110 saloons, 14 gambling halls, and numerous brothels all situated among a number of dirty, hardscrabble mines.

By early 1881 the State Department started responding to criticism of the seal, resulting first in an 1882 centennial commemorative coin, and then with Secretary of State Frederick Frelinghuysen asking for funds to create a new design and dies of both the obverse and reverse on January 11, 1884, after getting estimates of the cost.

By 1881, the population of Northwood had reached 257, with 62 houses recorded.

By late 1881 Tombstone had more than 7, 000 citizens, excluding all Chinese, Mexicans, women and children residents.

By 1881 two rail lines and a road which intersected the area were added.

By 1881 the population was between 500 and 600 people.

By 1881, the eastern band had disappeared, leaving the remaining Chitimacha on Grand Lake, located near Charenton.

By 1881, a line was completed across Sinepuxent Bay to the shore, bringing rail passengers directly into the town.

By 1881, there was a sawmill, blacksmith shop, general store, a creamery, and two churches.

By August 1881 it had reached Lakeville in Stoddard County.

By the 1870 ’ s Mary was telling her students “ Some day I will have a church of my own .” In 1879 she and her students established the Church of Christ, Scientist, “ to commemorate the word and works of our Master, which should reinstate primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing .” In 1892 at Eddy ’ s direction, the church reorganized as The First Church of Christ, Scientist, “ designed to be built on the Rock, Christ ....” Some years later in 1881, she founded the Massachusetts Metaphysical College, where she taught approximately 800 students in Boston, Massachusetts between the years 1882 and 1889.

By 1881, the population of freedmen had increased in the area, while the number of Native Americans had declined.

By 1881, Mobeetie was the judicial center of the Thirty-fifth District, made up of fifteen counties.

By 1881 there was a railroad station here.

By 1881, Mount Vernon's permanent population was 75.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.