* Mr. Square ( Philosopher / school teacher to Tom and Master Blifil, also a hypocrite who hates Jones and favors Blifil, but who refrains from conspiration and eventually repents )

Philosopher Tom Regan

Naturalistic dualism comes from Australian Philosopher, David Chalmers ( born 1966 ) who argues there is an explanatory gap between objective and subjective experience that cannot be bridged by reductionism because consciousness is, at least, logically autonomous of the physical properties upon which it supervenes.

A similar defense comes from Australian Philosopher Frank Jackson ( born 1943 ) who revived the theory of Epiphenomenalism which argues that mental states do not play a role in physical states.

Philosopher Mary Midgley, among others, argues that materialism is a self-refuting idea, at least in its eliminative form.

Philosopher Robert Nozick argues that Rand's foundational argument in ethics is unsound because she does not explain why someone could not rationally prefer dying and having no values.

Philosopher Stephen Maitzen has called this the " Heaven Swamps Everything " theodicy, and argues that it is false because it conflates compensation and justification.

Philosopher Thomas Baldwin argues that Sartre's argument is based on a misunderstanding of Freud.

Philosopher Peter Hallward argues that they are an aristocratic form of politics.

Philosopher Nayef Al-Rodhan argues that previous concepts of civilizations, such as Samuel P. Huntington's arguments supporting a coming " clash of civilizations ," are misconstrued.

Philosopher Thomas Baldwin argues that Sartre's argument is based on a misunderstanding of Freud.

Philosopher David Ingram argues that " affirming ' black pride ' is not equivalent to affirming ' white pride ,' since the former — unlike the latter — is a defensive strategy aimed at rectifying a negative stereotype ".

Philosopher Mark Alan Walker argues that rational perfectionism is, or should be, the ethical imperative behind transhumanism.

Philosopher Edward Stein argues that Ruse does not succeed in showing that social constructionism is mistaken, calling his discussion of it superficial.

Philosopher Paul Kurtz argues that nature is best accounted for by reference to material principles.

Philosopher George Walsh argues that Christianity can be seen as originating in a myth dressed up as history, or with a historical being mythologized into a supernatural one: he calls the former the Christ myth theory, and the latter the historical Jesus theory.

Philosopher Hilary Putnam provided a modern parallel of Descartes argument in his 1989 discussion of a brain in a vat, where he argues that brains which were directly fed with an input from a computer would not know the deception from reality.

Philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that concepts are " mere abstractions from what is known through intuitive perception, and they have arisen from our arbitrarily thinking away or dropping of some qualities and our retention of others.

People did not have to choose one or the other and in Biblia Americana Mather looked at the Bible through a scientific perspective, the complete opposite of when he wrote The Christian Philosopher, in which he decided to approach science in a religious manner ( Smolinski 280-281 ).

Philosopher Bertrand Russell described him as " the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived, passionate, profound, intense, and dominating ".

Philosopher George Santayana defines fanaticism as " redoubling your effort when you have forgotten your aim "; according to Winston Churchill, " A fanatic is one who can't change his mind and won't change the subject ".

* Philosopher Ken Wilber has written extensively on this, calling the omniscient view ( or subject – object distinction ) the fundamental modernist paradigm, and cataloging its effects on society, and in the way many subjects have been compressed into a " flat " view by this perspective

Philosopher John Rawls offered this variant of substantive equality of opportunity, and explained that it happens when individuals with the same " native talent and the same ambition " have the same prospects of success in competitions.

The entire quote is as follows: " The essential Saltes of Animals may be so prepared and preserved, that an ingenious Man may have the whole Ark of Noah in his own Studie, and raise the fine Shape of an Animal out of its Ashes at his Pleasure ; and by the lyke Method from the essential Saltes of humane Dust, a Philosopher may, without any criminal Necromancy, call up the Shape of any dead Ancestour from the Dust whereinto his Bodie has been incinerated.

Although orientalists have always given importance to Khattak in their findings but they have not ever presented a detailed life story of Khushal Khan. Khushal khan was not only a great poet but at the same time he was equally great Writer, Religious Scholar, Hakim, Philosopher, Military Commander and Administrator.

Philosopher Henry B. Veatch wrote that Peikoff should have " paid a more discerning and discriminating attention to present-day academic philosophy ," instead of " simply brushing academic ethics aside ".

* Saint Cyril the Philosopher, believed to have co-invented the Glagolitic alphabet, the first Slavic alphabet, and translated the Bible into Old Church Slavonic

Philosopher Jacques Derrida, whose texts are considered difficult even by fellow scholars, explained that " In order to unfold what is implicit in so many discourses, one would have each time to make a pedagogical outlay that is just not reasonable to expect from every book.

Hermias ( sometimes Hermias Philosophus or Hermias the Philosopher ) was an obscure Christian Apologist, presumed to have lived in 3rd century.

Similarly, Philosopher George W. Harris has written that, if a man impregnates a woman with the explicit goal of having a child, in a manner that is mutually consensual, then it would be morally unacceptable for that woman to later have an abortion.

* Philosopher, mystic and traveller, Paul Brunton ( 1898 – 1981 ) spent many years in Mysore under the care of the Maharaja and expressed his gratitude in the dedication of The Quest of the Overself: " You have rescued philosophy from those who would make it a mere refuge from disappointment, and converted it into a dynamic inspiration to higher action for service.

Philosopher Simon Blackburn made a similar criticism, and explains that moral relativism fails as a moral system simply because it cannot arbitrate disagreements.

Philosopher and theologian John E. Hare has noted that some philosophers see divine command theory as an example of Kant's heteronomous will – motives besides the moral law, which Kant regarded as non-moral.

Philosopher John Searle suggests that, despite the " opaque prose " and lofty claims of Giroux, he interprets the goal of Giroux's form of critical pedagogy " to create political radicals ", thus highlighting the contestable and antagonistic moral and political grounds of the ideals of citizenship and " public wisdom "; these varying moral perspectives of what is " right " are to be found in what John Dewey has referred to as the tensions between traditional and progressive education.

Philosopher Hannah Arendt pointed out this important judicial aspect of the Holocaust in The Origins of Totalitarianism ( 1951 ), where she demonstrated that to violate human rights, Nazi Germany first deprived human beings of their citizenship.

Philosopher Ayn Rand argued that the notion of a fetus having a right to life is " vicious nonsense " and stated, " An embryo has no rights ... a child cannot acquire any rights until it is born.

Philosopher John Kekes makes a similar point in his book The Art of Politics: The New Betrayal of America and How to Resist It in which he suggests that there is a danger to elevating any one particular political good – including equality of opportunity – without balancing competing goods such as justice, property rights, and others.

Aristotle is referred to as " The Philosopher " by Scholastic thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas.

), Struggling with the Philosopher: A Refutation of Avicenna's Metaphysics.

Babbage understood that the existence of an automatic computer would kindle interest in the field now known as algorithmic efficiency, writing in his Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, " As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of the science.

Philosopher G. H. R. Parkinson notes a common objection to Kant's argument: that what ought to be done does not necessarily entail that it is possible.

* 1938 – Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Philosopher and Urdu / Persian poet ( b. 1877 )

One of these was Polish Philosopher Alfred Korzybski's General semantics, which was espoused in the US by Stuart Chase.

* Steinmetz the Philosopher, Ernest Caldecott, Philip Alger, 1965.

In 1721 The Christian Philosopher was published.

In response to Hobbes, the French Philosopher Rene Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ) developed Cartesian Dualism, which posits that there is a divisible, mechanical body and an indivisible, immaterial mind which interact with one another.

) Philosopher Simon Blackburn wrote a rejoinder to Stove, though a subsequent essay by Stove's protegee James Franklin's suggested that Blackburn's response actually " confirms Stove's central thesis that Darwinism can ' explain ' anything.

The Creed of the Philosopher and the Hope of the Christian.

The Divine Classic of Nan-Hua ; Being the Works of Chuang Tsze, Taoist Philosopher.

* 1853 – Sarada Devi, Indian Philosopher ( d. 1920 )

Philosopher Max Stirner, in his book The Ego and Its Own, was the first philosopher to call himself an egoist, though his writing makes clear that he desired not a new idea of morality ( ethical egoism ), but rather a rejection of morality ( amoralism ), as a nonexistent and limiting “ spook ”; for this, Stirner has been described as the first individualist anarchist.

Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche suggested that egoistic or " life-affirming " behavior stimulates jealousy or " ressentiment " in others, and that this is the psychological motive for the altruism in Christianity.

Philosopher David L. Norton identified himself an " ethical individualist ," and, like Rand, saw a harmony between an individual's fidelity to his own self-actualization, or " personal destiny ," and the achievement of society's well being.

According to Russell Socrates can be analysed into the form ' The Philosopher of Greece.

In the narrow scope it would read the Philosopher of Greece was not bald.