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Phylogenetic analysis identified seven genotypes of yellow fever viruses, and it is assumed that they are differently adapted to humans and to the vector Aedes aegypti.
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Phylogenetic and analysis
Phylogenetic analysis by Chris Organ, Charles Nunn, Zarin Machanda, and Richard Wrangham suggests that cooking may have been invented as far back as 1. 8 million to 2. 3 million years ago.
Phylogenetic analysis of these genes places the adenoviruses ( Adenoviridae ), bacteriophages ( Caudovirales ) and the plant and fungal linear plasmids into a single clade.
Phylogenetic analysis, however, indicates that the monocots are a development from a dicot ancestor.
Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal gene has revealed that the Acanthocephala are most closely related to the rotifers.
* Phylogenetic analysis of the order Nymphaeales based on the nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast
Phylogenetic analysis of the RNA and protein sequences of poliovirus ( PV ) suggests that PV may have evolved from a C-cluster coxsackie A virus ancestor, that arose through a mutation within the capsid.
DeVries ( 2002 ) Phylogenetic analysis of Morpho butterflies ( Nymphalidae, Morphinae ): implications for classification and natural history.
" Phylogenetic analysis of Leucojum and Galanthus ( Amaryllidaceae ) based on plastid matK and nuclear ribosomal spacer ( ITS ) DNA sequences and morphology ".
hMPV is genetically similar to the avian pneumoviruses A, B and in particular type C. Phylogenetic analysis of hMPV has demonstrated the existence of two main genetic lineages termed subtype A and B containing within them the subgroups A1 / A2 and B1 / B2 respectively.
Phylogenetic analysis has increased the resolution of hadrosaurid relationships considerably ( see Phylogeny below ), leading to the widespread usage of tribes ( a taxonomic unit below subfamily ) to describe the finer relationships within each group of hadrosaurids.
( 2010 ) Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Chloraeinae ( Orchidaceae ): a preliminary approach based on three chloroplast markers.
Phylogenetic analysis of 26 Chordopoxviruses genomes has shown that the central region of the genome is conserved and contains ~ 90 genes.
* ( 1996 ): Phylogenetic status of the Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris ( Owen in Gray ): A cladistic analysis.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Malay population, P. curtus brongersmai, suggests a close affinity with the nominal subspecies, however, P. curtus breitensteini was determined to be as genetically distant from the original type as the species Python reticulatus.
Phylogenetic and is
The phylogenetic tree is a maximum-likelihood Phylogenetic tree # Special tree types | phylogram based on samples from 266 giraffes.
Phylogenetic studies generally have shown the clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ) is basal to this group.
Phylogenetic studies by Korall & Kenrick determined that the Euselaginella group, comprising solely the type species, Selaginella selaginoides and a closely related Hawai ' ian species, Selaginella deflexa, is a basal and anciently diverging sister to all other Selaginella species.
Phylogenetic studies indicate that Shigella is more appropriately treated as subgenus of Escherichia, and that certain strains generally considered E. coli – such as E. coli O157: H7 – are better placed in Shigella ( see Escherichia coli # Diversity for details ).
Phylogenetic position is disputed: their closest relatives may be the mites ( Acari ) or the Novogenuata ( the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones and Solifugae ).
The International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature, known as the PhyloCode for short, is a developing draft for a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature.
* German entomologist Willi Hennig's Phylogenetic Systematics is published in English, advancing the study of cladistics.
The Barbary Falcon is one of the rare cases that may arguably be considered a species under the Biological, but certainly not under the Phylogenetic Species Concept rather than the other way around as usual.
Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA sequences have shown that the genus Actinomyces is quite diverse, exhibiting polyphyletic branching into several clusters.
Phylogenetic and they
Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of five plastid DNA regions, rbcL, rps4, trnL – F, matK, and rps16, confirm most aspects of the traditional classification of the Iridaceae in four subfamilies and the evolutionary patterns that they imply, importantly the sister relationship of Isophysidoideae to the remainder of the family and the monophyly of Iridoideae.
Phylogenetic and are
Phylogenetic analyses place these genera into the following groups ( not all of these are considered amoeboid ( or " amoebas ") by all sources ):
Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits ( e. g., anatomical or molecular characteristics ) and the distribution of organisms ( biogeography ).
Phylogenetic groups are given definitions based on their relationship to one another, rather than purely on physical traits such as the presence of a backbone.
Phylogenetic estimates constructed with bacteria, plastids, and eukaryotic genomes also suggest that plastids are most closely related to cyanobacteria.
Phylogenetic trees among a nontrivial number of input sequences are constructed using computational phylogenetics methods.
Phylogenetic networks are used when bifurcating trees are not suitable, due to these complications which suggest a more reticulate evolutionary history of the organisms sampled ..
Phylogenetic analyses have shown that mimids are most closely related to starlings ( Sibley & Monroe 1990, Zuccon et al.
Phylogenetic research revealed the important impact of the subfamily Polycnemoideae on the classification ( see Cladogram ): If Polycnemoideae are considered being part of Chenopodiaceae, then Amaranthaceae ( s. str.
Phylogenetic analyses shows the Sclerodermataceae, Boletinellaceae and Gyroporaceae appear to form a discrete group within the Boletales, and together with the Pisolithaceae, the Astraceae and the Calostomaceae, are grouped under the suborder Sclerodermatineae.
Phylogenetic Position of the Tubercle Bacilli within the Genus Mycobacterium The blue triangle corresponds to tubercle bacilli sequences that are identical or differing by a single nucleotide.
Phylogenetic relationships among neogastropod superfamilies based on morphological characters are rather unstable, and for instance, Cancellarioidea or Buccinoidea have been alternatively proposed as the sister group of the remaining Neogastropoda.
Comparisons of species are used to examine interspecific or evolutionary allometry ( see also Phylogenetic comparative methods ).
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