* Recommender systems also use statistical methods to rank results in very large data sets

* Recommender systems

Category: Recommender systems

Recommender systems or recommendation systems ( sometimes replacing " system " with a synonym such as platform or engine ) are a subclass of information filtering system that seek to predict the ' rating ' or ' preference ' that a user would give to an item ( such as music, books, or movies ) or social element ( e. g. people or groups ) they had not yet considered, using a model built from the characteristics of an item ( content-based approaches ) or the user's social environment ( collaborative filtering approaches ).

Recommender systems have become extremely common in recent years.

Recommender systems typically produce a list of recommendations in one of two ways-through collaborative or content-based filtering.

Recommender systems are a useful alternative to search algorithms since they help users discover items they might not have found by themselves.

Category: Recommender systems

* Recommender systems use Information filtering systems to create computer generated recommendations

Category: Recommender systems

These approaches are often combined ( see Hybrid Recommender Systems ).

* Recommender Systems.

Furthermore, unexpectedly rapid progress or a technological break-through on any one weapon system, in itself, often diminishes the relative importance of other competitive systems.

Tone systems are certainly more complex than the number of units would suggest, and often analytically more difficult than much larger consonantal systems.

This hypothesis will account for a large part of the difficulties of tonal analysis, as well as the fact that vowel systems are often more puzzling than consonantal systems.

The Arabic alphabet, Hebrew alphabet, Syriac alphabet, and other abjads of the Middle East are developments of the Aramaic alphabet, but because these writing systems are largely consonant-based they are often not considered true alphabets.

The pronunciation of a language often evolves independently of its writing system, and writing systems have been borrowed for languages they were not designed for, so the degree to which letters of an alphabet correspond to phonemes of a language varies greatly from one language to another and even within a single language.

They are often involved in teaching anatomy, and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells.

" Arianism " is also often used to refer to other nontrinitarian theological systems of the 4th century, which regarded Jesus Christ — the Son of God, the Logos — as either a created being ( as in Arianism proper and Anomoeanism ), or as neither uncreated nor created in the sense other beings are created ( as in Semi-Arianism ).

For example, the term is used to describe systems such as verlan and louchébem, which retain French syntax and apply transformations only to individual words ( and often only to a certain subset of words, such as nouns, or semantic content words ).

Du Bois ' Black Reconstruction, first published in 1935, historians have noted African American contributions during Reconstruction to founding what were often the first systems of public education and welfare institutions in the South, gave muted praise for Republican efforts to extend suffrage and provide other social institutions, and excoriated Johnson for opposing the extension of basic rights to freedmen.

Thus, boundaries between CAM and mainstream medicine, as well as among different CAM systems, are often blurred and are constantly changing.

Several other similar systems also existed with even higher performance, but these often required special cabling that was incompatible with LocalTalk / PhoneNet, and also required patches to the networking stack that often caused problems.

Modern coastal artillery ( for example, Russia's " Bereg " system ) is often self propelled, ( allowing it to avoid counter-battery fire ) and fully integrated, meaning that each battery has all of the support systems that it requires ( maintenance, targeting radar, etc.

The Gaussian theory, however, is only true so long as the angles made by all rays with the optical axis ( the symmetrical axis of the system ) are infinitely small, i. e. with infinitesimal objects, images and lenses ; in practice these conditions are not realized, and the images projected by uncorrected systems are, in general, ill defined and often completely blurred, if the aperture or field of view exceeds certain limits.

Later, many AMPS networks were partially converted to D-AMPS, often referred to as TDMA ( though TDMA is a generic term that applies to many cellular systems ).

These include serotonin-dopamine antagonists ( see dopamine antagonist and serotonin antagonist ), multi-acting receptor-targeted antipsychotics ( MARTA, those targeting several systems ), and dopamine partial agonists, which are often categorized as atypicals.

In annualized geo solar systems, the solar collector is often separate from ( and hotter or colder than ) the living space.

The first BBSes used homebrew software, quite often written or customized by the SysOps themselves, running on early S-100 microcomputer systems such as the Altair, IMSAI and Cromemco under the CP / M operating system.

In byte-oriented systems ( i. e. most modern computers ), the term uncompressed BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit ( often including a sign ), whereas packed BCD typically encodes two decimal digits within a single byte by taking advantage of the fact that four bits are enough to represent the range 0 to 9.

Extensions of the guided technology include the Guided Light Transit and Translohr systems, although these are more often termed ' rubber tyred trams ' as they have limited or no mobility away from their guideways.

These were popular as branch terminals to the B5500 / 6500 / 6700 systems, which sold well in the banking sector, where they were often connected to non-Burroughs mainframes.

In many legal systems, the director has a right to receive special notice of any resolution to remove him or her ; the company must often supply a copy of the proposal to the director, who is usually entitled to be heard by the meeting.

Practical computer systems divide software systems into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the distinction is arbitrary, and often blurred.

The motor pool has made exceptional progress in automotive management including establishment of cost billing systems, records keeping, analyses of vehicle use, and effecting economies in vehicle operation.

Both of these systems are essential for the production, development, and use of the National Forests.

The existence of road systems permits an intensity of management and use for all National Forest purposes that is not otherwise possible.

This aircraft, which was planned for initial operational use about 1965, would be complementary to but likewise competitive with the four strategic ballistic missile systems, all of which are scheduled to become available earlier.

Of particular utility in the analysis of the development, persistence, and change of social systems has been the use of the master or comprehensive processes.

Tadpoles have cartilaginous skeletons, gills for respiration ( external gills at first, internal gills later ), lateral line systems and large tails which they use for swimming.

Modern use of AAC began in the 1950s with systems for users who had lost the use of speech following surgical procedures.

However, several telescope manufacturers have recently developed telescope systems that are calibrated with the use of built-in GPS, decreasing the time it takes to set up a telescope at the start of an observing session.

Sometimes slightly stronger theories such as Morse-Kelley set theory or set theory with a strongly inaccessible cardinal allowing the use of a Grothendieck universe are used, but in fact most mathematicians can actually prove all they need in systems weaker than ZFC, such as second-order arithmetic.

The Aramaic alphabet is historically significant, since virtually all modern Middle Eastern writing systems use a script that can be traced back to it, as well as numerous non-Chinese writing systems of Central and East Asia.

soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT ; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood ; pollution of Hrazdan ( Razdan ) and Araks Rivers ; the draining of Sevana Lich ( Lake Sevan ), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies ; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate ( IAEA-recommended ) safety and backup systems

The implementation of AES in products intended to protect national security systems and / or information must be reviewed and certified by NSA prior to their acquisition and use.

The proper use of the symbol is debated ; it is used to describe any cyclic pi system in some publications, or only those pi systems that obey Hückel's rule on others.

Jensen argues that in line with Robinson's original proposal, the use of the circle symbol should be limited to monocyclic 6 pi-electron systems.

This " check yes or no " approach means approval voting is one of the simplest voting systems to use.

Avionics can use satellite-based systems ( such as GPS and WAAS ), ground-based systems ( such as VOR or LORAN ), or any combination thereof.

Smaller aircraft may use simpler traffic alerting systems such as TPAS, which are passive ( they do not actively interrogate the transponders of other aircraft ) and do not provide advisories for conflict resolution.

To help avoid collision with terrain ( CFIT ), aircraft use systems such as ground-proximity warning systems ( GPWS ), which use radar altimeters as a key element.

Contrary to Apple's belief these would be low-volume, by the end of 1987, 130, 000 such systems were in use.