The Song Dynasty is considered by many to be classical China's high point in science and technology, with innovative scholar-officials such as Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) and Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ).

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

In China, the polymath Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation: based on his observation of fossil animal shells in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.

( in the Book of the Devil Valley Master ), A main contributor to this field was Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ), a polymath scientist and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation, as well as discovering the concept of true north.

In optics, Shen Kuo independently developed a camera obscura.

After the discovery marine fossils in the Taihang Mountains ( hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean ), Shen Kuo devised a theory of land formation, or geomorphology.

In 1088 AD, the polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo once wrote of the artwork of one Li Cheng, who he criticized as follows:

* Shen Kuo

" The ancient Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) was the first person to write of the magnetic needle compass and that it improved the accuracy of navigation by employing the astronomical concept of true north ( Dream Pool Essays, AD 1088 ), and by the 12th century the Chinese were known to use the lodestone compass for navigation.

* Alexander Neckam is the first European to document the mariner's compass, first documented by Shen Kuo during the previous century.

This period also represents a high point in classical Chinese science and technology, with figures such as Su Song and Shen Kuo, as well as the age where the matured form of the Chinese pagoda was accomplished in Chinese architecture.

* 1075: Chinese official and diplomat Shen Kuo asserts the Song Dynasty's rightful border lines by using court archives against the bold bluff of Emperor Daozong of Liao, who had asserted that Liao Dynasty territory exceeded its earlier-accepted bounds.

* 1080 – 1081: The Chinese statesman and scientist Shen Kuo is put in command of the campaign against the Western Xia, and although he successfully halts their invasion route to Yanzhou ( modern Yan ' an ), another officer disobeys imperial orders and the campaign is ultimately a failure because of it.

* 1088: the renowned polymath Chinese scientist and official Shen Kuo made the world's first reference to the magnetic compass in his book Dream Pool Essays, along with encyclopedic documentation and inquiry into scientific discoveries.

* Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath, scientist and statesman

* 1088 – As written by Shen Kuo in his Dream Pool Essays, the earlier 10th century invention of the pound lock in China allows large ships to travel along canals without laborious hauling, thus allowing smooth travel of government ships holding cargo of up to 700 tan ( 49½ tons ) and large privately owned-ships holding cargo of up to 1600 tan ( 113 tons ).

* 1088 – The Dream Pool Essays is completed by Shen Kuo of Song China.

* Shen Kuo receives a post in the capital of China.

* The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo is appointed as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, where he begins his groundbreaking work with the colleague Wei Pu on accurately plotting the orbital paths of the stars, planets, and moon three times a night for a continuum of five years.

* Shen Kuo is sent to supervise Chancellor Wang Anshi's program of surveying the building of silt deposits in the Bian Canal outside the capital city of Kaifeng.

* The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo begins his defensive military campaign against the Tanguts of the Western Xia Kingdom, successfully defending the invasion route to Yan ' an.

* Shen Kuo, polymath Chinese scientist of Song Dynasty China

* Zhu Yu's book is the first to report the use of a magnetic compass for navigation at sea, although the first actual description of the magnetic compass is by another Chinese writer Shen Kuo in his Dream Pool Essays published in 1088.

* Two previously written Chinese pharmaceutical works, one by Shen Kuo and another by Su Shi, are combined into one written work.

* The Dream Pool Essays is published in this year by the polymath Chinese scientist and statesman Shen Kuo.

The Agrarians believed that Chinese society should be modeled around that of the early sage king Shen Nong, a folk hero which was portrayed in Chinese literature as " working in the fields, along with everyone else, and consulting with everyone else when any decision had to be reached.

In the East, one of the earliest recorded pharmacopoeias was written by Shen Nung, Emperor of China ( c. 3000 BC ).

Shen Lin and Brian Kernighan first published their method in 1972, and it was the most reliable heuristic for solving travelling salesman problems for nearly two decades.

According to Shen, the trigger for the famous Tiananmen hunger-strikes of 1989 was a big-character poster ( dazibao ), a form of public political discussion that gained prominence during the Cultural Revolution.

Shen remarked that the congregation of students from across the country to Beijing on trains and the hospitality they received from residents was reminiscent of the experiences of Red Guards in the Cultural Revolution.

Wooden movable type was also first developed around 1040 AD by Bi Sheng ( 毕昇 ) ( 990 – 1051 ), as described by the Chinese scholar Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ), but was abandoned in favour of clay movable types due to the presence of wood grains and the unevenness of the wooden type after being soaked in ink.

The Song Dynasty Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) experimented with a camera obscura, and was the first to apply geometrical and quantitative attributes to it in his book of 1088 AD, the Dream Pool Essays.

In fact, Shen makes no assertion that he was the first to experiment with such a device.

But this method was considered too weak by Alexander Shen who showed that there is a Kolmogorov-Loveland stochastic sequence which does not conform to the general notion of randomness.

However, this campaign was ultimately a failure due to a rival military officer of Shen disobeying direct orders, and the territory gained from the Western Xia was eventually lost.

Shen Kuo was also known for hydraulic clockworks, as he invented a new overflow-tank clepsydra which had more efficient higher-order interpolation instead of linear interpolation in calibrating the measure of time.

Another historian, Shen Yue, pointed out Emperor Wen was said to model his command on the great general Emperor Guangwu of Han, but he lacked the latter's command abilities.

In ancient China there was Sunshu Ao ( 6th century BC ), Ximen Bao ( 5th century BC ), Du Shi ( circa 31 AD ), Zhang Heng ( 78-139 AD ), and Ma Jun ( 200-265 AD ), while medieval China had Su Song ( 1020-1101 AD ) and Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ).

Mao Dun ( July 4, 1896 – March 27, 1981 ) was the pen name of Shen Dehong ( Shen Yanbing ), a 20th century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and journalist.

His father Shen Yongxi ( 沈永錫 ) taught and designed the curriculum for his son, but he died when Mao Dun was ten.

* 2037 BC — Emperor Shen Nong makes first ( perhaps mythical ) tea drink by boiling fresh leaves

It also describes the double-piston pump flamethrower and a thermoremanence compass, a few decades before Shen Kuo wrote of the first known magnetic mariners compass.

* 1088 — Shen Kuo first recognizes magnetic declination.

The first theory of geomorphology was arguably devised by the polymath Chinese scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031-1095 AD ).

Along with experimenting with the pinhole camera and the burning mirror of the ancient Mohists, the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 CE ) Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) experimented with camera obscura and was the first to establish geometrical and quantitative attributes for it.

Outside China, these seem to be the earliest records ( the Chinese encyclopaedist Shen Kuo gave the first clear account of suspended magnetic compasses a hundred years earlier in 1088 AD with his book Mengxibitan, or Dream Pool Essays ).

Ming Pao was first published on May 20, 1959, and was founded by the famous Chinese wuxia novelist Louis Cha (), known better by his pseudonym Jinyong ( 金庸 ), and his friend, Shen Pao Sing ( 沈寶新 ).

After being created Earl Macartney in the Irish peerage ( 1792 ), he was appointed the first envoy of Britain to China ( his visit followed more than a hundred years after the first visit to England by a Chinese man, Michael Shen Fu-Tsung in 1685 ).

At first things are difficult, but soon they become friends and are able to work together to search for Shen Gong Wu.

In GR the spelling of his given name " Shiing-Shen " indicates a third tone for Shiing and a first tone for Shen, which are equivalent to the syllables " Xǐngshēn " in pinyin.

The Chinese emperor Shen Nung ( of the Han Dynasty ) is said to have written the first Chinese herbal, the Pen Tsao.

Liu Yu's fleet, commanded by Wang Zhen ' e ( 王鎮惡, Wang Meng's grandson ), advanced quickly, while Yao Hong tried to first destroy Liu Yu's flank forces, commanded by Shen Linzi's brother Shen Tianzi.