The first use of the term " anthropology " in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in 1593, the first of the " logies " to be coined.

The term allegiance was traditionally often used by English legal commentators in a larger sense, divided by them into natural and local, the latter applying to the deference which even a foreigner must pay to the institutions of the country in which he happens to live.

Because these two definitions can be transformed simply by into the other, some formulae have this alternatingly (- 1 )< sup > n </ sup >- term and others not depending on the context, but it is not possible to decide in favor of one of these definitions to be the correct or appropriate or natural one ( for the abstract Bernoulli numbers ).

Since society considers so many rights as natural ( hence the term " right ") rather than man-made, what constitutes a crime also counts as natural, in contrast to laws ( seen as man-made ).

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

In the broadest sense, the term impact crater can be applied to any depression, natural or manmade, resulting from the high velocity impact of a projectile with a larger body.

The term affinity has been used figuratively since c. 1600 in discussions of structural relationships in chemistry, philology, etc., and reference to " natural attraction " is from 1616.

It is reported that although Puységur used the term ' clairvoyance ', he did not think of these phenomena as " paranormal ", since he accepted mesmerism as one of the natural sciences.

In the United States, the term " Darwinism " is often used by creationists as a pejorative term in reference to beliefs such as atheistic naturalism, but in the United Kingdom the term has no negative connotations, being freely used as a short hand for the body of theory dealing with evolution, and in particular, evolution by natural selection.

However, unlike Johnson, Hodge confined the term to exclude those like Asa Gray who combined Christian faith with support for Darwin's natural selection theory, before answering the question posed in the book's title by concluding: " It is Atheism.

In the United Kingdom the term often retains its positive sense as a reference to natural selection, and for example Richard Dawkins wrote in his collection of essays A Devil's Chaplain, published in 2003, that as a scientist he is a Darwinist.

This view naturally led to what was then usually called necessitarianism ( the modern term is determinism ): the view that everything in the universe – including human behavior – is completely causally determined by antecedent circumstances and natural law.

The term " niche construction " is more often used in reference to the under-appreciated feedback mechanism of natural selection imparting forces on the abiotic niche.

The term free-running sleep has occasionally been used by non-scientists to indicate intentional facilitation of the natural sleep / wake cycle.

In computing as well as typography, the term " character " refers to a grapheme or grapheme-like unit of text, as found in natural language writing systems ( scripts ).

Physics ( from Greek: φύσις physis " nature ") is a branch of science that developed out of philosophy, and was thus referred to as natural philosophy until the late 19th century-a term describing a field of study concerned with " the workings of nature ".

The term is formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the " hard " ( natural ) and " soft " ( social ) sciences.

The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning ; human clones in the form of identical twins are commonplace, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction.

The term has also been applied to the attitudes of some corporations and governments toward the natural environment that lead them to ignore the dangers of global warming, oil spills, etc.

Coauthor Wilson later acknowledged the term meme as the best label for the fundamental unit of cultural inheritance in his 1998 book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, which elaborates upon the fundamental role of memes in unifying the natural and social sciences.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his groundbreaking 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described by analogy to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

The disruption of the river's natural flow, run-off from agriculture, and the introduction of pest species like the European Carp has led to serious environmental damage along the river's length and to concerns that the river will be unusably salty in the medium to long term — a serious problem given that the Murray supplies 40 % of Adelaide's domestic water.

The term " conspiracy theory " is used to indicate a narrative genre that includes a broad selection of ( not necessarily related ) arguments for the existence of grand conspiracies.

The term chemotactic selection is also used to designate a technique which separates eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells according to their chemotactic responsiveness to selector ligands.

" According to Steven Pinker, EP is " not a single theory but a large set of hypotheses " and a term which " has also come to refer to a particular way of applying evolutionary theory to the mind, with an emphasis on adaptation, gene-level selection, and modularity.

During the United States v. Sun Myung Moon in 1982, federal prosecutors argued that the word " Moonie " be banned during the jury selection process because they said it was considered " a negative term ," and prejudicial in nature.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

The term natural selection has slightly different definitions in different contexts.

Following Darwin's primary usage the term is often used to refer to both the evolutionary consequence of blind selection and to its mechanisms.

However, as with natural selection above, the precise meaning of the term is much more subtle.

The term " classical education " has been used in English for several centuries, with each era modifying the definition and adding its own selection of topics.

Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti was the first to formally use the term " Reptilia " for an expanded selection of reptiles and amphibians basically similar to that of Linnaeus.

However, in a presidential system, the executive's term may or may not coincide with the legislature's, as their selection is technically independent of the legislature.

I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection, in order to mark its relation to man's power of selection.

In 2006, she was mentioned by many sources as a potential candidate for the United Nations Secretary-General selection, but later she stated that she wanted to finish her term as president before thinking about other career options.

Many of those whom subsequent centuries term evolutionary biologists read him, notably Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, for each of whom Malthusianism became an intellectual stepping-stone to the idea of natural selection.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

'' The other important difference between the two Constitutions was that the President of the Confederacy held office for six ( instead of four ) years, and was limited to one term.

Bang-Jensen said you told correspondents that you had checked in advance to make sure the term ' aberrant conduct ' was not libelous.

His parents talked seriously and lengthily to their own doctor and to a specialist at the University Hospital -- Mr. McKinley was entitled to a discount for members of his family -- and it was decided it would be best for him to take the remainder of the term off, spend a lot of time in bed and, for the rest, do pretty much as he chose -- provided, of course, he chose to do nothing too exciting or too debilitating.

His teacher and his school principal were conferred with and everyone agreed that, if he kept up with a certain amount of work at home, there was little danger of his losing a term.

The term enquetes demographiques, previously used for the supplementary investigations carried out in connection with the administrative censuses, was used for the new investigations.

This term was also used by the cowboy in the sense of a human showin' fight, as one cowhand was heard to say, `` He arches his back like a mule in a hailstorm ''.

the first use of the word `` rustler '' was as a synonym for `` hustler '', becomin' an established term for any person who was active, pushin', and bustlin' in any enterprise.

Engages must be loyal to the concessionaires, and must serve until the term provided in the engagement was ended.

The September-October term jury had been charged by Fulton Superior Court Judge Durwood Pye to investigate reports of possible `` irregularities '' in the hard-fought primary which was won by Mayor-nominate Ivan Allen Jr..

When the crowd was asked whether it wanted to wait one more term to make the race, it voted no -- and there were no dissents.

Petitions asking for a jail term for Norristown attorney Julian W. Barnard will be presented to the Montgomery County Court Friday, it was disclosed Tuesday by Horace A. Davenport, counsel for the widow of the man killed last Nov. 1 by Barnard's hit-run car.

Friday afternoon the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman was reelected for his second consecutive two-year term as general superintendent of Assemblies of God.

Commenting on the earlier stage, the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors ( in a recent report on the question of faculty participation in administrative decision-making ) noted that the term `` teacher-employee '' ( as opposed to, e.g., `` maintenance employee '' ) was a not inapt description.

The Unitarian clergy were an exclusive club of cultivated gentlemen -- as the term was then understood in the Back Bay -- and Parker was definitely not a gentleman, either in theology or in manners.

or `` Carmine Theater, 1912 '', the only canvas with an ash can ( and foraging dog ), although Sloan was a member of the famous `` Eight '', and of the so-called `` Ash-Can School '', a term he resented.

The term was introduced into optics by Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria.

In 1846, Lincoln was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, where he served one two-year term.

Realizing Clay was unlikely to win the presidency, Lincoln, who had pledged in 1846 to serve only one term in the House, supported General Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination in the 1848 presidential election.