About education, Saladin wrote " children are brought up in the way in which their elders were brought up.

Al-Wahrani wrote that Saladin was selected because of the reputation of his family in their " generosity and military prowess.

" Imad ad-Din wrote that after the brief mourning period of Shirkuh, during which " opinions differed ", the Zengid emirs decided upon Saladin and forced the caliph to " invest him as vizier.

" He wrote several letters to Saladin, who dismissed them without abandoning his allegiance to Nur ad-Din.

According to Imad ad-Din, Nur ad-Din wrote to Saladin in June 1171, telling him to reestablish the Abbasid caliphate in Egypt, which Saladin coordinated two months later after additional encouragement by Najm ad-Din al-Khabushani, the Shafi ' i faqih, who vehemently opposed Shia rule in the country.

On March 2, al-Adil from Egypt wrote to Saladin that the Crusaders had struck the " heart of Islam.

Sibylla wrote to Saladin and begged for her husband's release, and Guy was finally granted release in 1188 and allowed to rejoin his wife.

) But, as Saladin wrote, " Satan incited Guy to do what ran counter to his purpose.

Bernard Hamilton wrote " had Sibylla lived in more peaceful times she would have exercised a great deal of power since her husband's authority patently derived from her ", and that only the conquest by Saladin brought her rule to a speedy end.

and Eng., 1876 – 1877 ), Arabic Grammar ( 1874 ), Jerusalem, the city of Herod and Saladin ( 1871 ), by Walter Besant and Palmer ( the latter wrote the part taken from Arabic sources ), Persian Dictionary ( 1876 ) and English and Persian Dictionary ( posthumous, 1883 ); translation of the Qur ' an ( 1880 ) for the Sacred Books of the East series, a spirited but not very accurate rendering.

His death left Saladin with political independence and in a letter to as-Salih, he promised to " act as a sword " against his enemies and referred to the death of his father as an " earthquake shock.

Saladin attempted to gain the Caliph an-Nasir's support against Izz al-Din by sending him a letter requesting a document that would give him legal justification for taking over Mosul and its territories.

The Kurdish Muslim Saladin retook Hebron in 1187 – again with Jewish assistance according to one late tradition, in exchange for a letter of security allowing them to return to the city and build a synagogue there.

His plot was eventually foiled by Prince Alexander with help from Captain Saladin ( captain of the guard who was suspicious and helped after reading a letter showing the truth ) and the resurrected King and Queen in the long path's ending.

When Saladin learned the truth from a letter Alexander found that proved Alhazred's treachery, he immediately sided with Alexander as did the rest of the castle guards.

It claims that Sibylla and Baldwin of Ibelin were in love, and when Baldwin was captured by Saladin after the Battle of Jacob's Ford in 1179, they exchanged letters during his imprisonment ; that Sibylla herself proposed to Baldwin in a letter, with the wedding set to occur after his release.

Following the example of Alvis predecessor vehicles Saladin, Stalwart and Saracen, all CVRTs started with the letter ' S '.

With this victory, Saladin decided to call in more troops from Egypt ; he requested 1, 500 horsemen to be sent by al-Adil.

Fortunately for Saladin, al-Adil had his warships moved from Fustat and Alexandria to the Red Sea under the command of an Armenian mercenary Lu ' lu.

Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem organised, and contributed to a collection which paid the ransoms for about 18, 000 of the poorer citizens, leaving another 15, 000 to be enslaved, Saladins brother al-Adil, " asked Saladin for a thousand of them for his own use and then released them on the spot.

After the death of Saladin, his sons contested control over the sultanate, but Saladin's brother al-Adil eventually established himself as Sultan in 1200.

While Saladin was in Syria, his brother al-Adil ruled Egypt, and in 1174 – 75, Kanz al-Dawla of Aswan revolted against the Ayyubids with the intention of restoring Fatimid rule.

In October 1183 and then on August 13, 1184, Saladin and al-Adil besieged Karak, but to no avail.

Four days after the battle, Saladin invited al-Adil to join him in the reconquest of Palestine.

On July 8, Acre was captured by Saladin, while his brigades seized Nazareth and Saffuriya ; others took Haifa and Caesarea, and another Ayyubid detachment took Sebastia and Nablus, while al-Adil conquered Mirabel and Jaffa.

He was the son of sultan al-Adil, a brother of Saladin.

In 1174, Saladin sent Turan-Shah to conquer Yemen to allocate it and its port Aden to the territories of the Ayyubid Dynasty.

Yemen also served as an emergency territory, to which Saladin could flee in the event of an invasion by Nur ad-Din.

Saladin aimed to persuade the caliph claiming that while he conquered Egypt and Yemen under the flag of the Abbasids, the Zengids of Mosul openly supported the Seljuks ( rivals of the caliphate ) and only came to the caliph when in need.

For this reason, the Eagle of Saladin became the symbol of revolutionary Egypt, and was subsequently adopted by several other Arab states ( United Arab Emirates, Iraq, the Palestinian Territory, and Yemen ).

Turan-Shah annexed Yemen to the Ayyubid Empire of Saladin in 1173.

The current emblem of Yemen displays a Golden Eagle, but it is not that of Saladin.

The most flourishing period of Kurdish power was probably during the 12th century, when the great Saladin, who belonged to the Rawendi branch of the Hadabani ( or Adiabene ) tribe, founded the Ayyubite ( 1171 – 1250 ) dynasty of Syria, and Kurdish chieftainships were established, not only to the west of the Kurdistan mountains in Syria, but as far away as Egypt and Yemen.

In 1173, Saladin sent Turan-Shah to conquer Yemen and the Hejaz.

However, when Turan-Shah was transferred from his governor post in Yemen in 1176, uprisings broke out in the territory and were not quelled until 1182 when Saladin assigned his other brother Tughtekin Sayf al-Islam as governor of Yemen.

There was a revolt against Saladin as sultan in the last quarter of the 12th century, and Shia Muslims began to persecute the Jewish faith in the Yemen at this time.

* 1192 – Richard the Lion-Heart is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after signing a treaty with Saladin ending the Third crusade.

The kingdom had a truce with Saladin at the time, and Raynald's actions have been seen as an independent act of brigandage ; it is possible that he was trying to prevent Saladin from moving his forces north to take control of Aleppo, which would have strengthened Saladin's position.

Among the major equipment that is not currently active are AMX-13, Saladin, Panhard M3, and Staghound.

The Muslims protested and occupied the site, where a nephew of Saladin is believed to be buried.

As such, Saladin is a prominent figure in Kurdish, Arab, and Muslim culture.

Saladin, who now lived in Damascus, was reported to have a particular fondness of the city, but information on his early childhood is scarce.

The battle ended in a Zengid victory, and Saladin is credited to have helped Shirkuh in one of the " most remarkable victories in recorded history ", according to Ibn al-Athir, although more of Shirkuh's men were killed and the battle is considered by most sources as not a total victory.

Ibn al-Athir claims that the caliph chose him after being told by his advisers that " there is no one weaker or younger " than Saladin, and " not one of the emirs obeyed him or served him.

While ill, he asked Saladin to pay him a visit to request that he take care of his young children, but Saladin refused, fearing treachery against the Abbasids, and is said to have regretted his action after realizing what al-Adid had wanted.

Ibn Jubayr a famous traveler from Al-Andalus is known to have met Saladin in Cairo after the abdication of the Fatimid s.

According to the later thirteenth century Old French Continuation of William of Tyre, Raynald captured Saladin's sister in a raid on a caravan, although this claim is not attested in contemporary sources, Muslim or Frankish, instead stating that Raynald had attacked a preceding caravan, and Saladin set guards to ensure the safety of his sister and her son, who came to no harm.

Instead the mausoleum, which is open to visitors, now has two sarcophagi: the empty one made of marble and the original wooden one, which holds Saladin.

In Syria, even the smallest city is centred on a defensible citadel, and Saladin introduced this essential feature to Egypt.

It is mainly from this novel that the contemporary view of Saladin originates.

An interesting view of Saladin and the world in which he lived is provided by Tariq Ali's novel The Book of Saladin.

* A heavily fictionalized version of Saladin is played by Ghassan Massoud in the 2005 movie Kingdom of Heaven.

Saladin, a powerful sultan, finds that his treasury is exhausted.

Melchizedek, a Jew, has money enough to cover the shortfall, but Saladin believes he is too avaricious to lend it fairly.

Saladin tries to trick Melchizedek into giving offense ( and justifying the seizure of his wealth ) by asking him whether Judaism, Christianity, or Islam law is the true word of God.

Saladin, the Sultan, in guise of a merchant, is honourably entreated by Messer Torello.