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Bronze and Age
The Late Bronze Age ( from 1700 to 1200 BCE ) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years.
In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.
) Adobe brickmaking was used in Spain starting by the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, from the eighth century B. C.
It contained the winter solstice in the Early Bronze Age.
The subsequent Bronze Age civilizations of Greece and the Aegean Sea have given rise to the general term Aegean civilization.
During the Late Bronze Age circa 2000 BC, they created an empire, the Hittite New Kingdom, which reached its height in the 14th century BC, controlling much of Asia Minor.
Beginning with the Bronze Age Collapse at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the west coast of Anatolia was settled by Ionian Greeks, usurping the related but earlier Mycenaean Greeks.
The earliest anchors were probably rocks, and many rock anchors have been found dating from at least the Bronze Age.
Agate is one of the most common materials used in the art of hardstone carving, and has been recovered at a number of ancient sites, indicating its widespread use in the ancient world ; for example, archaeological recovery at the Knossos site on Crete illustrates its role in Bronze Age Minoan culture.
In 396, he wiped out the last remnants of the Mysteries at Eleusis in Attica, ending a tradition of esoteric religious ceremonies that had lasted since the Bronze Age.
Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.
Their non-Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary which alone in the Aegean world survived the Bronze Age collapse and continued to be used down to the 4th century BC.
A special burial ground for infants, a tophetAgelarakis A., “ The Amathous ( tophet ) cremations in Cyprus ”, In D. Christou on “ Human Cremations at the Western Necropolis of Amathous ” < Cremations in Bronze and Early Iron Age >, Proceedings of Int.
* The Greek Age of Bronze weapons and warfare
In Scandinavia the amber road probably gave rise to the thriving Nordic Bronze Age culture, bringing influences from the Mediterranean Sea to the northernmost countries of Europe.
There is little doubt that a Mycenaean megaron stood upon the hill during the late Bronze Age.
Near the location of the present train station, the ruins of a settlement from the Bronze Age ( about 1000 BC ) have been excavated.
Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece around the Aegean Sea.
Crete is associated with the Minoan civilization from the Early Bronze Age.
A map of Cyprus in the later Bronze Age ( such as is given by J. L. Myres and M. O. Richter in Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum ) shows more than 25 settlements in and about the Mesaorea district alone, of which one, that at Enkomi, near the site of Salamis, has yielded the richest Aegean treasure in precious metal found outside Mycenae.
Dating to the Greek Bronze Age ( 13th century BC ), it is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use.
It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal.
Though bronze is generally harder than wrought iron, with Vickers hardness of 60 – 258 vs. 30 – 80, the Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age ; this happened because iron was easier to find and easier to process.

Bronze and writing
Bronze Age cultures differed in their development of the first writing.
The sequence and the geographical spread of Cretan hieroglyphs, Linear A and Linear B, the three overlapping, but distinct writing systems on Bronze Age Crete and the Greek mainland can be summarized as follows:
As in England, Welsh history and archaeological finds dating back to the Bronze Age reveal not only reading and writing, but also alchemy, botany, advanced maths and science.
The Bronze Age civilization at its final period of time, displayed all its characteristic social traits: low level of urbanization, small cities centered around temples or royal palaces, strict separation of classes between an illiterate mass of peasants and craftsmen, and a powerful military elite, knowledge of writing and education reserved to a tiny minority of scribes, and pronounced aristocratic life.
It marked the beginning of the Bronze Age and of writing.
* Mesopotamia is in the Uruk period, with emerging Sumerian hegemony and development of " proto-cuneiform " writing ; base-60 mathematics, astronomy and astrology, civil law, complex hydrology, the sailboat, potter's wheel and wheel ; the Chalcolithic proceeds into the Early Bronze Age.
* 3500 – 2000 ( Early Bronze ): invention of writing ;
* Cypro-Minoan syllabary, a form of writing used in Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age
In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets ( Akkadian ṭuppu ( m ) ) were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age.
Chinese bronze inscriptions, also commonly referred to as Bronze script or Bronzeware script are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on Chinese ritual bronzes such as zhōng bells and dǐng tripodal cauldrons from the Shang dynasty to the Zhou dynasty and even later.
Each of the characters represents one syllable, such as in the Japanese kana and the Bronze Age Greek Linear B writing systems.
* Bronze Age writing
Category: Bronze Age writing systems
After the fall of the Mycenaean civilization during the Bronze Age collapse, there was a period of about five hundred years when writing was either not used or nothing has survived to the present day.
Category: Bronze Age writing systems
The beginning of the Bronze Age coincided with the end of the careers of many of the veteran writers and artists of the time, or their promotion to management positions and retirement from regular writing or drawing, and their replacement with a younger generation of editors and creators, many of whom knew each other from their experiences in comic book fan conventions and publications.
The Proto-Elamite script is an Early Bronze Age writing system briefly in use for the ancient Elamite language before the introduction of Elamite Cuneiform.
Category: Bronze Age writing systems
Until the excavation of Ras Shamra in Northern Syria ( the site historically known as Ugarit ), and the discovery of its Bronze Age archive of clay tablet alphabetic cuneiform texts, little was known of Canaanite religion, as papyrus seems to have been the preferred writing medium.
Category: Bronze Age writing systems

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