By 1943, the Partisan resistance movement had gained the upper hand, against the odds, and in 1945, with help from the Soviet Red Army ( passing only through small parts such as Vojvodina ), expelled the Axis forces and local supporters.

By 1935, the only significant independent nation that did not possess a central bank was Brazil, which subsequently developed a precursor thereto in 1945 and the present central bank twenty years later.

By late September 1945 the Thomases had left Wales and were living with various friends in London.

By June 1945, the RCA had pushed the FCC hard on the allocation of electromagnetic frequencies for the fledgling television industry.

By February 1945 David Astor had invited Orwell to become a war correspondent for the Observer.

By September 1945, the Third Reich ( which lasted only 12 years ) and its Axis partners ( Italy and Japan ) had been defeated, chiefly by the forces of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

By 1944 the UAP had effectively disintegrated and in 1945 Menzies formally established a new political party, the Liberal Party of Australia, and forged an enduring coalition with the Country Party.

By early 1945, the communists had liquidated, discredited, or driven into exile most of the country's interwar elite.

" By chance, a 35 mm nitrate composite master positive ( fine grain ) of the 1945 version survived.

By April 1945, Nazi Germany faced its last days with 1. 9 million German soldiers in the East fighting 6. 4 million Red Army soldiers while 1 million German soldiers in the West battled 4 million Western Allied soldiers.

By July 1945, Stalin's troops effectively controlled the Baltic States, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania, and refugees were fleeing out of these countries fearing a Communist take-over.

By the beginning of 1945, with the Soviets on the Oder and the Western Allies preparing to cross the Rhine, Goebbels could no longer disguise the fact that defeat was inevitable.

By September 1945, Newman was appointed head of the Mathematics Department and to the Fielden Chair of Pure Mathematics at the University of Manchester.

By May 1945, this work had advanced enough to allow the beginning of production of desperately needed Opel parts.

By 1945 there were about 60, 000 radio sets in the country.

By the end of 1945, the army numbered about 5, 000 and the gendarmerie some 3, 500.

By 1945, the church reported 210, 000 members in the US and Canada, and 360, 000 elsewhere ; the budget was $ 29 million and enrollment in church schools was 140, 000.

By February 1945, 73 % of children received milk in school, compared with 50 % in July 1940.

By 1945, roughly 33 % of all children ate at school compared with one in thirty in 1940, while those taking milk increased from about 50 % to roughly 75 %.

By executive order of President Harry S. Truman, the U. S. employed the uranium-type nuclear weapon code named " Little Boy " on the city of Hiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed three days later by the detonation of the plutonium-type weapon code named " Fat Man " over the city of Nagasaki on August 9.

By the latter part of the decade, Barcelona began to emerge as a force when they were crowned champions in 1945, 1948 and 1949.

By the end of World War II, May 1945, over 3, 000 V-2s had been launched.

By April 1945, shipments of plutonium were headed to Los Alamos every five days, and Hanford soon provided enough material for the bombs tested at Trinity and dropped over Nagasaki.

By December 1945, six months after the war had ended, it was estimated by French authorities that 2, 000 German prisoners were still being killed or maimed each month in mine-clearing accidents.

By early 1945, Americans were becoming aware that something strange was going on.

By 1930 Wade was teaching at Vanderbilt University as a member of the English faculty and became involved with the Southern Agrarians.

By this time, however, his desire for further education made him dream of a degree at a first-rate university, and his first choice was Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.

By 1878 William Vanderbilt had a monopoly on rail traffic between Buffalo, New York ; Cleveland, Ohio ; Detroit, Michigan ; and Chicago, because he owned the only railroad linking those cities-the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway.

By the late 1970s a series of serious financial missteps had left Peabody's finances in such poor shape that the school's choices seemed to be reduced to two: either negotiating a merger with Vanderbilt or closing entirely.

Ann Collins was commissioned to paint more than seventy-five of the leading racehorses of her time, including Citation, commissioned by Nat Herzfeld former President of Tropical Park Race Course, Chrysler II and By Jimminy for Walter P. Chrysler, Dom Bingo for Bing Crosby, Tom Fool for Jock Whitney, and Discovery and Bed o ' Roses for Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, Jr.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By 1898, rustling losses had been driven down to the lowest level ever seen in Wyoming.

By the death of his father in 1888 he had come into possession of the family estate and had re-assumed its traditions.

By the time Lilian had been graduated from public school, her parents were doing quite well.

) By the time the streetcar pulled away, he had fallen in love with Paula.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By the age of six young Johnny indicated that he had the call.

By September 1940 the Suite had developed into a collection of six songs, `` four spirituals, a dream, and a lullaby ''.

By now he had become Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge and had been honored by the award of the Order of Merit.

By both standards Thomas had the right to be proud.

By June 19, 1788, he had presented himself to its Commander in Chief, the Governor of the Southern Provinces, the Director of the War College -- The Prince.

By 1783 her legions had managed to annex the Crimea amid scenes of wanton cruelty and now, in this second combat with the Crescent, were aiming at suzerainty over all of the Black Sea's northern shoreline.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By this time Woodruff had accurately measured Pike as a man of great personal pride, a man who would fly into a towering rage if his integrity were questioned, and who would be anxious to avenge himself.

By 1834 the art of oratory had reached a very high level in the United States as a literary form.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By 1937 he had clarified his intentions to serve his people: `` I have striven for clarity and melodious idiom, but at the same time I have by no means attempted to restrict myself to the accepted methods of harmony and melody.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this time Churchill was not so cordial toward moving Poland westward as he had been at Teheran, where he and Eden had both heartily approved the idea.

By December, 1958, when ' Abdallah Ibrahim became President of the Council, elections had even greater importance.

By 800 social and cultural security had been achieved, at least on a simple plane ; ;

By this time large numbers of the audience had left the hall.