By determining the environmental circumstances during the measuring and by revising the air-tightness afterwards, the standardization of the data is warranted.

By the end of his career he had completed over 200, constantly revising them with each new edition.

By the end of July 1883, Gilbert and Sullivan were revising drafts of the libretto for Ida.

By this stage in his writing career Beckett was becoming more aware of the importance of revising his work in actual performance and so wrote to Grove Press about Happy Days on 18 May 1961 to advise them that, " I should prefer the text not to appear in any form before production and not in book form until I have seen some rehearsals in London.

By the 1990s, however, mentalité history had become interdisciplinary to the point of fragmentation, but still lacked a solid theoretical basis.

By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.

* Guide to Benjamin Franklin By a history professor at the University of Illinois.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

By resigning Laws became the shortest serving Minister in modern British political history with less than 18 days service as a Cabinet Minister.

By the time the inquiry had retired to write up its findings, it had interviewed over 900 witnesses, over seven years, making it the biggest investigation in British legal history.

By area of extent, it was one of the largest empires ever in history.

By conceiving a timeless setting — " a vanished age " — and by carefully choosing names that resembled human history, Howard shrewdly avoided the problem of historical anachronisms and the need for lengthy exposition.

Plaque explaining the history of Deception Pass " Deception Pass-Named By Captain George Vancouver 10 June 1792.

By his second season, Howe was paired with Sid Abel and Ted Lindsay to form what would become one of the great lines in NHL history – the " Production Line ".

By contrast, Marx's dialectical materialism considers history as a product of material class struggle in society.

" By 7 January, that storyline had generated the most complaints in show history: the BBC received about 8, 500 complaints, and media regulator Ofcom received 374.

By a historical analysis of those forms, as applied to the verb, he furnished the first trustworthy materials for a history of the languages compared.

By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome.

By the late 18th century, with both religious and mytholological painting in decline, there was an increased demand for paintings of scenes from history, including contemporary history.

By the later 19th century, history painting was often explicitly rejected by avant-garde movements such as the Impressionists ( except for Édouard Manet ) and the Symbolists, and according to one recent writer " Modernism was to a considerable extent built upon the rejection of History Painting ... All other genres are deemed capable of entering, in one form or another, the ' pantheon ' of modernity considered, but History Painting is excluded ".

By 1669, the Dutch East India Company was the richest private company in history, with a huge fleet of merchant ships and warships, tens of thousands of employees, a private army consisting of thousands of soldiers, and a reputation on the part of its stockholders for high dividend payments.

By " ideology ", Marx and Engels meant ideas that reflect the interests of a particular class at a particular time in history, but which contemporaries see as universal and eternal.

By the 14th century, when this " official history " begins, the speakers of early Lao-related languages had probably developed a reasonable base of population among the prior inhabitants of ( what is now ) Laos over the prior century or two.

By revealing ( in modern terms ) that numbers could be irrational, this discovery seems to have provoked the first foundational crisis in mathematical history ; its proof or its divulgation are sometimes credited to Hippasus, who was expelled or split from the Pythagorean sect.

By the 1960s and ' 70s, interviewing began to be employed more often when historians investigated history from below.

By the end of the 18th century, in addition to the trivium and quadrivium of the Middle Ages, the definition of a classical education embraced study of literature, poetry, drama, philosophy, history, art, and languages.

By finding how similar two protein sequences are, we acquire knowledge about their structure and therefore their function.

By the well ordering principle, if there are positive integers that satisfy a given property, then there is a smallest positive integer that satisfies that property ; therefore, there is a smallest positive integer satisfying the property " not definable in under eleven words ".

By helping to ensure benefit-sharing, the Nagoya Protocol creates incentives to conserve and sustainably use genetic resources, and therefore enhances the contribution of biodiversity to development and human well-being.

By controlling the point and time of infection, bodies could be conditioned to optimal state before contracting smallpox, therefore providing a better opportunity to fight and achieve immunity.

By calculation, therefore, with the exact position of particle A known, the exact position of particle B can be known.

By comparing the parts of the genome that are not under natural selection and which therefore accumulate mutations at a fairly steady rate, it is possible to reconstruct a genetic tree incorporating the entire human species since the last shared ancestor.

By joining the single arrows together and the double arrows together, one obtains a torus with seven mutually touching regions ; therefore seven colors are necessary

By the end of the 20th century, it was concluded that some convicts could not be treated and therefore could not be safely released into society.

That person, therefore, greatly deceives both himself and others, who teaches that they will not be involved in condemnation ; whereas the apostle says: ' Judgment from one offence to condemnation ' (), and again a little after: ' By the offence of one upon all persons to condemnation ' ().

By Bernoulli's principle, this implies a pressure difference and therefore lift.

By law, however, as he was a Junius on his father's side, he was not a Tarquin and therefore could later propose the exile of the Tarquins without fear for himself.

By contrast, most other countries take the point of view that recreational drug use is detrimental to society and must therefore be outlawed.

By allowing possession and retail sales of cannabis, but not cultivation or wholesale, the government creates numerous problems of crime and public safety, he alleges, and therefore he would like to switch to either legalising and regulating production, or to the full repression that his party ( CDA ) officially advocates.

By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.

By contrast, some other sounds would cause a change in meaning if substituted: for example, substitution of the sound would produce the different word still, and that sound must therefore be considered to represent a different phoneme ( the phoneme ).

By the early 20th century Rock-paper-scissors had spread beyond Asia, especially through increased Japanese contact with the west. Its English-language name is therefore taken from a translation of the names of the three Japanese hand-gestures for rock, paper and scissors: elsewhere in Asia the open-palm gesture represents " cloth " rather than " paper ".

By 2010 therefore Slovakia will be among the highest per capita car producers in the world.

By physical understanding at that time, positive charges would repel one another and the nucleus should therefore fly apart.

By 308 there were therefore no fewer than four claimants to the rank of Augustus ( Galerius, Constantine, Maximian and Maxentius ), and only one to that of Caesar ( Maximinus ).

By 313, therefore, there remained only two emperors: Constantine in the West and Licinius in the East.

By the 16th century, a tradition had developed based on observational incidents, true or false, that the black objects found widely scattered in large quantities over Europe had fallen from the sky during thunderstorms and were therefore to be considered generated by lightning.

By lowering VLDL levels, niacin also increases the level of high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) or " good " cholesterol in blood, and therefore it is sometimes prescribed for people with low HDL, who are also at high risk of a heart attack.

By using intermediary ’ s the parasite DNA can spread to several hosts instead of remain concentrated within a single host, therefore promising a higher likelihood of DNA continuation.

By preferentially modifying hemimethylated DNA, DNMT1 transfers patterns of methylation to a newly synthesized strand after DNA replication, and therefore is often referred to as the ‘ maintenance ' methyltransferase.