The term " fundamentalism " has its roots in the Niagara Bible Conference ( 1878 – 1897 ), which defined those tenets it considered fundamental to Christian belief.

The Iran hostage crisis of 1979 – 80 marked a major turning point in the use of the term " fundamentalism ".

The term " fundamentalism " is sometimes applied to signify a counter-cultural fidelity to some simplistic principle, as in the pejorative term " market fundamentalism " applied to an exaggerated religious-like faith in the ability of unfettered laissez-faire or free market economic views or policies to solve economic and social problems.

The term " atheistic fundamentalism " is controversial.

There are also some criticisms against the political usage of the term " fundamentalism ".

From French, it began to migrate to the English language in the mid-1980s, and in recent years has largely displaced the term Islamic fundamentalism in academic circles.

Seeking to distance itself from polygamy and Mormon fundamentalism, the LDS Church has taken the position that the term Mormon should only apply to the LDS Church and its members, and not other adherents who have adopted the term.

" Despite the LDS Church's position, the term Mormon is widely used by journalists and non-journalists to refer to adherents of Mormon fundamentalism.

The term fundamentalism was coined by Baptist editor Curtis Lee Laws in 1920 to designate Christians who were ready " to do battle royal for the Fundamentals ".

Graham represents a movement that arose within fundamentalism, but has increasingly become distinct from it, known as neo-evangelicalism or New Evangelicalism ( a term coined by Harold J. Ockenga, the " Father of New Evangelicalism ").

Those who regularly used the term neoliberalism in the 1980s typically applied it in its present-day, radical sense, denoting market fundamentalism.

Robin Richardson, an original member of the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia, at a 2009 symposium on " Islamophobia and Religious Discrimination ", said that " the disadvantages of the term Islamophobia are significant " on seven different grounds, including that it implies it is merely a " severe mental illness " affecting " only a tiny minority of people "; that use of the term makes those to whom it is applied " defensive and defiant " and absolves the user of " the responsibility of trying to understand them " or trying to change their views ; that it implies that hostility to Muslims is divorced from factors such as skin color, immigrant status, fear of fundamentalism, or political or economic conflicts ; that it conflates prejudice against Muslims in one's own country with dislike of Muslims in countries with which the West is in conflict ; that it fails to distinguish between people who are against all religion from people who dislike Islam specifically ; and that the actual issue being described is hostility to Muslims, " an ethno-religious identity within European countries ", rather than hostility to Islam.

The term Islamic fundamentalism is often criticized.

" In contrast, American author Anthony J. Dennis accepts the widespread usage and relevance of the term and calls Islamic fundamentalism " more than a religion today, it is a worldwide revolutionary movement.

Hassan Hanafi reached the same conclusion: " It is difficult to find a more appropriate term than the one recently used in the West, ‘ fundamentalism ,' to cover the meaning of what we name Islamic awakening or revival.

The term Jewish fundamentalism may refer to militant religious Zionism or Ashkenazi or Sephardi Haredi Judaism.

The term " fundamentalism " was originally used in reference to certain Christian groups but today commonly refers to the anti-modernist movements of any religion based on literal interpretation of religious scriptures.

Subsequently to Williamson's minting of the phrase, and despite his emphatic opposition, the term Washington Consensus has come to be used fairly widely in a second, broader sense, to refer to a more general orientation towards a strongly market-based approach ( sometimes described, typically pejoratively, as market fundamentalism or neoliberalism ).

Williamson recognizes that the term has commonly been used with a different meaning from his original prescription ; he opposes the alternative use of the term, which became common after his initial formulation, to cover a broader market fundamentalism ( or neoliberal ) agenda.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

'' The other important difference between the two Constitutions was that the President of the Confederacy held office for six ( instead of four ) years, and was limited to one term.

Bang-Jensen said you told correspondents that you had checked in advance to make sure the term ' aberrant conduct ' was not libelous.

His parents talked seriously and lengthily to their own doctor and to a specialist at the University Hospital -- Mr. McKinley was entitled to a discount for members of his family -- and it was decided it would be best for him to take the remainder of the term off, spend a lot of time in bed and, for the rest, do pretty much as he chose -- provided, of course, he chose to do nothing too exciting or too debilitating.

His teacher and his school principal were conferred with and everyone agreed that, if he kept up with a certain amount of work at home, there was little danger of his losing a term.

The term enquetes demographiques, previously used for the supplementary investigations carried out in connection with the administrative censuses, was used for the new investigations.

This term was also used by the cowboy in the sense of a human showin' fight, as one cowhand was heard to say, `` He arches his back like a mule in a hailstorm ''.

the first use of the word `` rustler '' was as a synonym for `` hustler '', becomin' an established term for any person who was active, pushin', and bustlin' in any enterprise.

Engages must be loyal to the concessionaires, and must serve until the term provided in the engagement was ended.

The September-October term jury had been charged by Fulton Superior Court Judge Durwood Pye to investigate reports of possible `` irregularities '' in the hard-fought primary which was won by Mayor-nominate Ivan Allen Jr..

When the crowd was asked whether it wanted to wait one more term to make the race, it voted no -- and there were no dissents.

Petitions asking for a jail term for Norristown attorney Julian W. Barnard will be presented to the Montgomery County Court Friday, it was disclosed Tuesday by Horace A. Davenport, counsel for the widow of the man killed last Nov. 1 by Barnard's hit-run car.

Friday afternoon the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman was reelected for his second consecutive two-year term as general superintendent of Assemblies of God.

Commenting on the earlier stage, the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors ( in a recent report on the question of faculty participation in administrative decision-making ) noted that the term `` teacher-employee '' ( as opposed to, e.g., `` maintenance employee '' ) was a not inapt description.

The Unitarian clergy were an exclusive club of cultivated gentlemen -- as the term was then understood in the Back Bay -- and Parker was definitely not a gentleman, either in theology or in manners.

or `` Carmine Theater, 1912 '', the only canvas with an ash can ( and foraging dog ), although Sloan was a member of the famous `` Eight '', and of the so-called `` Ash-Can School '', a term he resented.

The term was introduced into optics by Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria.

In 1846, Lincoln was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, where he served one two-year term.

Realizing Clay was unlikely to win the presidency, Lincoln, who had pledged in 1846 to serve only one term in the House, supported General Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination in the 1848 presidential election.

Of one thing we can be sure: they were not sketched out by the revolutionary theorists of the eighteenth century who formulated the political principles and originally shaped the political institutions of what we term the `` free society ''.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

The Afroasiatic language family was originally referred to as " Hamito-Semitic ", a term introduced in the 1860s by the German scholar Karl Richard Lepsius.

The precise reference of this term has varied over time, perhaps originally referring only to the Ionian colonies along the coast.

The precise reference of this term has varied over time, perhaps originally referring to the Ionian colonies on the Asia Minor coast.

' American ' is derived from America, a term originally denoting all of the New World ( also called " the Americas ").

The term originally came from antibody generator and was a molecule that binds specifically to an antibody, but the term now also refers to any molecule or molecular fragment that can be bound by a major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) and presented to a T-cell receptor.

According to Pausanias, writing in the 2nd century AD, the term ' Achaean ' was originally given to those Greeks inhabiting the Argolis and Laconia.

While the term — literally meaning " sailing the air "— originally referred solely to the science of operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business and other aspects related to aircraft.

The term is less common in modern texts, and was originally derived from a dichotomy with major tranquilizers, also known as neuroleptics or antipsychotics.

Moreover, although Reverend Peters claimed that the term blue law was originally used by Puritan colonists, his work has since been found to be unreliable.

Aristotle applies the term category ( perhaps not originally ) to ten highest-level classes.

The phylum was originally called " Polyzoa ", but this term was superseded by " Bryozoa " in 1831.

According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna (" Great Vehicle ") was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna, or the " Bodhisattva Vehicle.

They were originally made from lignum vitae, a dense wood giving rise to the term " woods " for bowls, but are now more typically made of a hard plastic composite material.

The term bean originally referred to the seed of the broad or fava bean, but was later expanded to include members of the New World genus Phaseolus, such as the common bean and the runner bean, and the related genus Vigna.

The term " manic-depressive illness " or psychosis was coined by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in the late nineteenth century, originally referring to all kinds of mood disorder.

The term originally signified a chant by alternate choirs, but has quite lost this meaning in the Breviary.

Black metal was originally used as a term for extreme metal bands with Satanic and anti-Christian lyrics ; today, the most common lyrical theme is opposition to Christianity and other organized religions.

The term " Casino " is of Italian origin, the root word being " Casa " ( house ) and originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse or pavilion.

The term " common law " originally derives from the 1150s and 1160s, when Henry II of England established the secular English tribunals.

The term " filial " ( meaning " of a child ") characterizes the respect that a child, originally a son, should show to his parents.

Fans sometimes make up explanations for such errors that may or may not be integrated into canon ; this has come to be colloquially known as fanwanking ( a term originally coined by the author Craig Hinton to describe excessive use of continuity ).

In a historical or geopolitical sense the term usually refers collectively to Christian majority countries or countries in which Christianity dominates or was a territorial phenomenon .“ Christendom is originally a medieval concept steadily to have evolved since the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the gradual rise of the Papacy more in religio-temporal implication practically during and after the reign of Charlemagne ; and the concept let itself to be lulled in the minds of the staunch believers to the archetype of a holy religious space inhabited by Christians, blessed by God, the Heavenly Father, ruled by Christ through the Church and protected by the Spirit-body of Christ ; no wonder, this concept, as included the whole of Europe and then the expanding Christian territories on earth, strengthened the roots of Romance of the greatness of Christianity in the world .”