* Vulgar Latin and Late Latin among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the Roman empire and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900 AD ; medieval Latin and Renaissance Latin among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582 / 83 ; new Latin written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe ; ecclesiastical Latin, in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the Roman Catholic Church.

Already during the high medieval period, and increasingly during the Late Middle Ages, city states and communes such as those of the Old Swiss Confederacy also began to use flags as field signs.

** Late medieval German literature / Renaissance ( 1300 – 1500 )

Page from the Notitia Dignitatum, a medieval copy of a Late Roman register of military commands

The economic might and relatively advanced development of Tuscany at the time ( Late Middle Ages ) gave its dialect weight, though the Venetian language remained widespread in medieval Italian commercial life, and Ligurian ( or Genoese ) remained in use in maritime trade alongside the Mediterranean.

After plummeting in the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages | high and Late Middle Ages | late medieval period witnessed a sharp increase of manuscript production.

Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practised in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new forms of agrarian contract.

In former Roman settlements, a system of villas, dating from Late Antiquity, was inherited by the medieval world.

Late medieval depiction of Máel Coluim III with MacDuib (" MacDuff "), from an MS ( Corpus Christi MS 171 ) of Walter Bower's Scotichronicon.

* Byzantine Empire ( 330 / 476 / 629 to 1453 ), a Late Antiquity and medieval continuation of the Greek-speaking portion of the Roman Empire

Due to fires in the 18th century which destroyed much of the medieval architecture, the city was rebuilt along Late Baroque and Neoclassical lines.

Late medieval Brick Gothic architecture in Stralsund, today a World Heritage Site.

The predecessor of the medieval bestiary, compiled in Late Antiquity and known as Physiologus ( Φυσιολόγος ), popularized an elaborate allegory in which a unicorn, trapped by a maiden ( representing the Virgin Mary ), stood for the Incarnation.

Morganatic, already in use in English by 1727 ( according to the Oxford English Dictionary ), is derived from the medieval Latin morganaticus from the Late Latin phrase matrimonium ad morganaticam and refers to the gift given by the groom to the bride on the morning after the wedding, morning gift, i. e. dower.

The province of Illyricum was divided into Dalmatia and Pannonia in 10 AD, but term Illyria remained in use in Late Latin and throughout the medieval period.

The district contains the ruins of a medieval church, founded in the 8th century, rebuilt in the 11th century, and converted into a fortress in the Late Middle Ages.

Such changes feature on other Hungarian townspeople's residences, built from the mid-15th century mostly of stone and wood with a cellar, ground floor and upper storey, in the Late Gothic and Renaissance styles ; although the late medieval houses have often been considerably altered, the street façades of the old town are mostly preserved.

Late medieval tombs include that of Sir David Mathew of Llandaff ( 1400 – 1484 ).

Although some terms in academia do go out of style, such as " Dark Ages ", the term Barbarian is in full common currency among all mainstream medieval scholars and is not out of style or outdated, though a disclaimer is often felt to be needed, as when Ralph W. Mathisen prefaces a discussion of barbarian bishops in Late Antiquity, " It should also be noted that the word " barbarian " will be used here as a convenient, nonpejorative term to refer to all the non-Latin and non-Greek speaking exterae gentes who dwelt around, and even eventually settled within, the Roman Empire during late antiquity ".

Late medieval tile hearth and associated floor

The medieval period was now clearly separated into three distinct periods: Early Feudal, High and Late Chivalric Feudal, for each period with a distinct technology.

In the Late Middle Ages, sumptuary laws were instituted as a way for the nobility to cap the conspicuous consumption of the prosperous bourgeoisie of medieval cities, and they continued to be used for these purposes well into the 17th century.

The more recent formulation of a historical period characterized as " Late Antiquity " emphasizes the transformations of ancient to medieval worlds within a cultural continuity, and European archaeology of the first millennium, purposefully undertaken in the later 20th century, even extends the continuity in material culture and patterns of settlement below the political overlay as reaching as late as the eleventh century.

File: KraemerbrueckeOben. jpg | Late medieval Krämerbrücke supporting two rows of houses

Europe's view of the shape of the Earth in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages may be best expressed by the writings of early Christian scholars:

The etymology of the word into English is from Old French Philistin, from Classical Latin Philistinus found in the writings of Josephus, from Late Greek Philistinoi ( Phylistiim in the Septuagint ) found in the writings by Philo, from Hebrew Plištim, ( e. g. 1 Samuel 17: 36 ; 2 Samuel 1: 20 ; Judges 14: 3 ; Amos 1: 8 ), " people of Plešt " (" Philistia "); cf.

In 1851, a collection of her writings was published by her friends and titled The Memorial, Written by Friends of the Late Mrs. Frances Sargent Locke Osgood.

It was given currency in English partly by the writings of Peter Brown, whose survey The World of Late Antiquity ( 1971 ) revised the post-Gibbon view of a stale and ossified Classical culture, in favour of a vibrant time of renewals and beginnings, and whose The Making of Late Antiquity offered a new paradigm of understanding the changes in Western culture of the time in order to confront Sir Richard Southern's The Making of the Middle Ages.

Nor is Late Latin identical to Christian or patristic Latin, the theological writings of the early Christian fathers.

In subsequent editions he subsumed all periods under three headings: the First Period ( Old Latin ), the Second Period ( the Golden Age ) and the Third Period, " the Imperial Age ", subdivided into the Silver Age, the 2nd century, and Centuries 3 – 6 together, which was a recognition of Late Latin, as he sometimes refers to the writings of those times as " late.

Late in his life, Caragiale discovered the literature of Anatole France — according to Paul Zarifopol, France's Humanist themes served as a model for some of Caragiale's fantasy writings.

The earliest textual sources for Kenchreai, an epitaph of the Late Archaic period ( late 6th-early 5th century BC ) and references in historical and geographical writings of the Classical to Hellenistic eras ( 5th-2nd centuries BCE ), reveal that there was a permanent settlement and a fortified naval station.

Late in his career he published several translations of Latin musical writings in German, under the collected title of Arte prattica & poetica.

Late Roman attempts to translate Greek writings into Latin had limited success and direct knowledge of most ancient Greek texts only reached western Europe from the 12th century onwards.

He has researched Late Roman and early medieval history ; the history of the barbarians, particularly of the Franks ; the writings of Gregory of Tours ( whom he has also translated ); and the history of science fiction, fantasy, and utopian literature.

His principal writings include books on Beethoven's Late String Quartets ( Dobson, 1968 ) and Franz Schmidt ’ s Orchestral Music ( Toccata Press, 1984 ), as well as important contributions to The Symphony edited by Robert Simpson ( Penguin Books, 1966 ).

Excavated sites include Saliagos and Kephala ( on Keos ) with signs of copper-working, Each of the small Cycladic islands could support no more than a few thousand people, though Late Cycladic boat models show that fifty oarsmen could be assembled from the scattered communities ( Rutter ), and when the highly organized palace-culture of Crete arose, the islands faded into insignificance, with the exception of Delos, which retained its archaic reputation as a sanctuary throughout antiquity and until the emergence of Christianity.

He did not include this transitional period in the tripartite system of Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age but placed it at the beginning outside of it.

Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan (" bread ") and tabako (" tobacco ", now " cigarette "), both from Portuguese.

The most common variations ( on paved tracks ) include Super Late Models ( SLM ), Late Model Stock Car ( LMSC ), and Limited Late Models ( LLM ). A Late Model may be a custom built machine, or a heavily modified street car.

Finds from Llyn Fawr, thought to be votive offerings, include weapons and tools from the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.

Late complications include recurrent pancreatitis and the development of pancreatic pseudocysts — collections of pancreatic secretions that have been walled off by scar tissue.

Anglicized spellings of the name during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages include Theodoric, Theoderic, Theudoric, Theuderic.

In addition the dining hall's hours were extended to include the 9pm-12am period, a time referred to as " Late Night " by students.

Songs covered by Lost Dogs on an album or in concert include Bob Dylan's " Lord, Protect My Child ," Leonard Cohen's " If It Be Your Will ," The Beatles ' " I'm A Loser ," " The Chipmunk Song ( Christmas Don't Be Late )", and Stephen Foster's " Hard Times, Come Again No More.

Late Cenozoic fossils, found at Venosa and other locations, include elephants, rhinoceros and species now extinct such as the Machairodus saber-toothed cat.

Since Late Night followed The Tonight Show, Letterman couldn't have a sidekick like Ed McMahon, and Paul Shaffer's band couldn't include a horn section like Doc Severinsen's.

Architectural styles represented include Greek Revival and Late Victorian architecture.

His outstanding works include Late Spring ( 1949 ), Early Summer ( 1951 ), Tokyo Story ( 1953 ), and Floating Weeds ( 1959 ).

By Late Antiquity, some Gnostic and Neoplatonist thinkers had expanded this syncretic equation to include Aion, Adonis, Attis, Mithras and other gods of the mystery religions.

Television appearances, in efforts to promote the upcoming album, include performing on Late Show with David Letterman on April 27, Jimmy Kimmel Live!

Thus, their conception of Stegosaurus would include three valid species ( S. armatus, S. homheni, and S. mjosi ) and would range from the Late Jurassic of North America and Europe to the Early Cretaceous of Asia.

Other wines of this type include the Romanian Grasă de Cotnari, French Coteaux du Layon, French Monbazillac, Austrian Ausbruch and South African Noble Late Harvest ( NLH ).

Finds include a large building, numerous potsherds from the Late Roman period, a bronze coin from the first or second century CE, remains of an ancient olive press, glass vessels such as a wine goblet and bottles dated to the Late Byzantine and Umayyad periods ( seventh and first half of eighth centuries CE ) and an underground water reservoir A few potsherds from the Crusader and Mamluk periods were also found.

Original radio plays include: ... And Yet Another Partridge in a Pear Tree, starring Penelope Keith, C. S. Lewis: Northern Irishman and It's Too Late Now.