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Until the introduction of Chip and PIN, all face-to-face credit or debit card transactions used a magnetic stripe or mechanical imprint to read and record account data, and a signature for verification.
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Until and introduction
Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.
Until the introduction of gunpowder into western warfare artillery depended upon mechanical energy to operate and this severely limited the kinetic energy of the projectiles while also requiring the construction of very large apparatus to store sufficient energy.
Until very recently the Italian police ( including the Carabinieri ) operated only Italian-made vehicles, but that changed with the introduction of Land Rover Defenders and Subarus into service.
Until the 1830s, the Pawnee in what became United States territory were relatively isolated from interaction with Europeans and escaped some of the losses due to introduction of Eurasian infectious diseases, such as measles, smallpox, and cholera, to which Native Americans had no immunity.
Until the introduction of the potato, whole forest-dwelling communities which had scarce access to wheat flour relied on chestnuts as their main source of carbohydrates.
Until the late 15th century introduction of the contratenor bassus, the tenor was usually the lowest voice, assuming the role of providing a harmonic foundation.
Until July 2010, the Neighbourhood Policing Team for Waterloo consisted of an Inspector, Sergeant, two Constables, Special Constables, and 13 PCSOs-this establishment was significantly increased by the introduction of the ' Neighbourhood Hub Team ' at Waterloo, involving police officers from London Underground.
Until the introduction of amber coloured Whitbread Gold Label in the 1950s, British barley wines were always dark in colour.
Until the introduction of the Countryside Bill in 1968, the main purpose of the Forestry Commission was to maximise timber sales.
Until the mid-19th century most fire engines were maneuvered by men, but the introduction of horse-drawn fire engines considerably improved the response time to incidents.
Until the 1910 introduction by Cadillac of the United States ' first closed-body car, the convertible was the primary body style.
Until the introduction of elected county councils in the 19th century, JPs, in Quarter Sessions, also administered the county at a local level.
Until the introduction of the LC, every color Mac had supported, at a minimum, 640x480.
Until the introduction of the cotton trade in 1769, Ashton was considered " bare, wet, and almost worthless ".
Until the introduction of DMA, PIO was the only available method.
Until the introduction of the new Harmony of the Gospel Readings for Holy Week in 1969, English-speaking members of the Moravian Church used the name " Passion Week " for Holy Week, a week much more closely associated with the Passion of Christ.
Until the introduction of the BVW-200 camera though, the camera and recorder configuration was a docking system.
Until the introduction of SGI Octane, SGI Indigo² was SGI's most powerful desktop solution for 3D, visualization and high performance computing environments.
Until the introduction of the roundarm style in the first half of the 19th century, bowling was performed in the same way as in bowls, the ball being delivered with the hand below the waist.
Until the introduction of Gmax, and a similar ' game modeler ' version of Maya soon after, amateur modelers had extremely limited access to the tools needed to do so.
Until the introduction of standardised containers, the majority of the town ’ s inhabitants were employed in the docks.
Until the introduction of television into Australia in 1956, the peak hours for any radio station were 7. 00 pm-10. 00 pm-3AK was never able to take advantage of this peak listening period.
Until the introduction of Sky HD in 2006, most Sky set-top boxes uses a standard 28. 8 kbit / s modem to pull content across the online link.
Until the introduction of digital sound, it was fairly common for 35 mm films to be blown up to 70 mm often just to take advantage of the greater number of sound tracks and the fidelity of the audio.
Until and Chip
Until recently, Balanced Rock had a companion-a similar, but much smaller balanced rock named " Chip Off The Old Block ", which fell during the winter of 1975 / 1976.
Until 1 November 2009 there was no such law protecting consumers from fraudulent use of their Chip and PIN transactions, only the voluntary Banking Code.
Mike and the Dolenzes ' demos took place in one session, as before Mike's demo of " Until It's Time " Chip Douglas is heard teasing that Mike is demoing under his old pseudonym ' Michael Blessing ' to the laughter of Micky and Coco.
Until and all
Until then, all those who have died are " asleep.
Until late 2002 it served Mexico, Central America, South America and all of the Caribbean.
Until the mid 19th century most boats were of all natural materials ; primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used.
Until then much of the Roman world outside of Italy supported Pompey and his allies due to the extensive list of clients he held in all corners of the Republic.
Until 1928 all notes were " White Notes ", printed in black and with a blank reverse.
Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes, were regarded as just theoretical curiosities ; but the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.
Until the end of the 19th century, it seems to have been generally assumed that the general meeting ( of all shareholders ) was the supreme organ of the company, and the board of directors was merely an agent of the company subject to the control of the shareholders in general meeting.
Until recently, fur seals were all grouped under a single subfamily of Pinnipedia, called Arctocephalinae, to contrast them with Otariinae – the sea lions – based on the most prominent common feature, namely the coat of dense underfur intermixed with guard hairs.
Until 1990, all telephone services were operated by the Gibraltar Government Telephone Department.
Until 1987 New South Wales had twenty peremptory challenges for each side where the offence was murder, and eight for all other cases.
Until recently, the Principality's banking laws permitted banks to issue numbered accounts, but new regulations require strict know-your-customer practices for all accounts.
Until the mid-20th century, there were Jews all across the Levant ; now most are in Israel.
Until recently an open dialing plan was used but as of April 1, 2012 Moldova has implemented a closed dialing plan on all of its territory.
Until 1751 in England and Wales ( and all British dominions ) the new year started on 25 March – Lady Day, one of the four quarter days ( the change to 1 January took place in 1600 in Scotland ).
Until about 1800, all London porter was matured in large vats, often holding several hundred barrels, for between six and eighteen months before being racked into smaller casks to be delivered to pubs.
Until a United States Supreme Court decision in 1895, all income taxes were deemed to be excises ( i. e., indirect taxes ).
Until modern times, the form of government for almost all states was monarchy.
Until the end of the Cold War nearly all men reaching the age of military service were conscripted.
Until 1981, they shared all the source code with MIT and kept it on an MIT server.
Until nitrox was widely accepted in the late 1990s, almost all recreational scuba used simple compressed and filtered air.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, time was believed to be independent of motion, progressing at a fixed rate in all reference frames ; however, later experiments revealed that time slows at higher speeds of the reference frame relative to another reference frame.
Until 1891 Canna, Rùm and Muck were historically part of the counties of Argyll ; Eigg was historically part of Inverness-shire, and all of the Small Isles were in Inverness-shire, from 1891 to 1975.
Until June 2012, all treatment offered at Shriner's Hospitals for Children was offered without any financial obligation to patients and their families.
Until recently all slot machines used revolving mechanical reels to display and determine results.
Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages.
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