* In the physics of electric fields, lambda sometimes indicates the linear charge density of a uniform line of electric charge ( measured in coulombs per meter ).

* Since the water molecule is not linear and the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen atoms, it carries a slight negative charge, whereas the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive.

A linear shaped charge ( LSC ) has a liner with V-shaped profile and varying length.

For the cutting of complex geometries, there are also flexible versions of the linear shaped charge, these with a lead or high-density foam sheathing and a ductile / flexible liner material, which also is often lead.

Figure 1: Thiol-disulfide exchange showing the linear intermediate in which the charge is shared among the three sulfur atoms.

Suppose that a particle of charge experiences an acceleration which is collinear with its velocity ( this is the relevant case for linear accelerators ).

Extrapolation beyond is not linear since other failure modes, caused by decreasing charge acceptance resulting in positive electrode swelling and thermal instability, could control the battery life.

The electric current equation can be viewed as a convective current of electric charge that involves linear motion.

The electric field of a light beam causes a linear displacement of charge when interacting with a molecule ( electric dipole ), whereas the magnetic field of it causes a circulation of charge ( magnetic dipole ).

The conservation of electric charge, by contrast, can be derived by considering zero X < sub > μ </ sub >< sup > ν </ sup >= 0 and Ψ linear in the fields φ themselves.

Since the electromagnetic charge Q is a linear combination of some SU ( 2 ) generator with Y / 2, these monopoles also have quantized magnetic charges, where by magnetic here, we mean electromagnetic magnetic charges.

For example, Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism are linear in the electric and magnetic fields, and charge and current distributions ( i. e. the sum of two solutions is also a solution ); another example is Schrödinger's equation of quantum mechanics which is linear in the wavefunction.

The number of reflected electrons is a linear measure of the target's original positive charge, which, in turn, is a measure of brightness.

where ρ is the electric charge density at a given point and v is the instantaneous linear velocity of that point.

This can be done by explosively separating the nozzle and / or splitting the case lengthwise with a linear shaped charge.

Dickson charge pump with linear MOSFET in parallel with diode-wired MOSFET.

The Condor's linear shaped charge warhead detonated on impact.

Dark current is greatest at " hot pixels " within the image sensor ; the variable dark charge of normal and hot pixels can be subtracted off ( using " dark frame subtraction "), leaving only the shot noise, or random component, of the leakage ; if dark-frame subtraction is not done, or if the exposure time is long enough that the hot pixel charge exceeds the linear charge capacity, the noise will be more than just shot noise, and hot pixels appear as salt-and-pepper noise.

This condition provides a link between an experimentalist's and a theoretician's viewpoint on constitutive equations ( linear and nonlinear elastic / inelastic or coupled fields ) as well as a way of spatial and statistical averaging of the microstructure.

Ongoing research on computational linguistics has focused on formulating other classes of languages that are " mildly context-sensitive " whose decision problems are feasible, such as tree-adjoining grammars, combinatory categorial grammars, coupled context-free languages, and linear context-free rewriting systems.

The single symbolic equation thus unravels into four coupled linear first-order partial differential equations for the four quantities that make up the wave function.

They are composed of linear polymers of actin subunits, and generate force by elongation at one end of the filament coupled with shrinkage at the other, causing net movement of the intervening strand.

we can express a system of coupled linear differential equations as

He investigated the special case of a linear chain of magnetic moments, which are only able to take two positions, " up " and " down ," and which are coupled by interactions between nearest neighbors.

In some cases, the hydro-mechanical unit contains a servomotor coupled to a gear arrangement for a linear actuator, which uses brake fluid from the braking system to impel a hydraulic cylinder to move the main clutch actuator.

A pictoral representation of the coupling coefficientsCritical to understanding how an optical ring resonator works, is the concept of how the linear waveguides are coupled to the ring waveguide.

The Black Gate is highly nonlinear ; although there is a linear storyline, this is countered by the ability to explore the map in any order when coupled with the many sub-quests, including one that parodies Star Trek: The Next Generation, which was in wide syndication when The Black Gate was released.

The gameplay of Future Wars was unforgiving-the game suffered from an extremely linear story coupled with the fact that quite often, items found at certain stages of the game would be used much later.

An ideal amplifier would be a totally linear device, but real amplifiers are only linear within limits.

A description of how the device could be used as a shift register and as a linear and area imaging devices was described in this first entry.

This device had input and output circuits and was used to demonstrate its use as a shift register and as a crude eight pixel linear imaging device.

Fairchild's effort, led by ex-Bell researcher Gil Amelio, was the first with commercial devices, and by 1974 had a linear 500-element device and a 2-D 100 x 100 pixel device.

" From these principles and some additional constraints —( 1a ) a lower bound on the linear dimensions of any of the parts, ( 1b ) an upper bound on speed of propagation ( the velocity of light ), ( 2 ) discrete progress of the machine, and ( 3 ) deterministic behavior — he produces a theorem that " What can be calculated by a device satisfying principles I – IV is computable.

Multiple photodiodes may be packaged in a single device, either as a linear array or as a two-dimensional array.

* The amplifying element is biased so the device is always conducting to some extent, normally implying the quiescent ( small-signal ) collector current ( for transistors ; drain current for FETs or anode / plate current for vacuum tubes ) is close to the most linear portion of its transconductance curve.

Non-zero current response is proportional to the voltage supplied and is linear to 60 amperes for this particular ( 25 A ) device.

A linear bounded automaton is a device which is more powerful than a pushdown automaton but less so than a Turing machine.

Amplitude distortion is distortion occurring in a system, subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude under specified conditions.

Nonlinearities in the transfer function of an active device ( such as vacuum tubes, transistors, and operational amplifiers ) are a common source of non-linear distortion ; in passive components ( such as a coaxial cable or optical fiber ), linear distortion can be caused by inhomogeneities, reflections, and so on in the propagation path.

Amplitude distortion is distortion occurring in a system, subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude under specified conditions.

This signal delay will be different for the various frequencies unless the device has the property of being linear phase.

Because group delay is, as defined in ( 1 ), it therefore follows that a constant group delay can be achieved if the transfer function of the device or medium has a linear phase response ( i. e., where the group delay is a constant ).

So if two sine wave signals are applied to a linear device, the output is simply the sum of the outputs when the two signals are applied separately, with no product terms.

where is the noise factor for the n-th device and is the power gain ( linear, not in dB ) of the n-th device.

Also, calibration should usually be at a number of wavelengths and power levels, since the device is not always linear.

In signal processing, phase distortion or phase-frequency distortion is distortion that occurs when ( a ) a filter's phase response is not linear over the frequency range of interest, that is, the phase shift introduced by a circuit or device is not directly proportional to frequency, or ( b ) the zero-frequency intercept of the phase-frequency characteristic is not 0 or an integral multiple of 2π radians.

This filter reduces the harmonic current, which means that the non-linear device now looks like a linear load.

We assume a “ linear ” device having a transfer function whose small signal form may be expressed in terms of a power series containing only odd terms, making the transfer function an odd function of input signal voltage, i. e., O = − O.