With the Papal Bull of 1493, Pope Alexander VI commanded Spain to conquer, colonize and convert the Pagans of the New World to Catholicism.

* 1493 – Pope Alexander VI divides the New World between Spain and Portugal along the Line of Demarcation.

The Northwest Passage represented a new route to the established trading nations of Asia, as in 1493 to defuse trade disputes, Pope Alexander VI split the discovered world in two between Spain and Portugal ; thus France, the Netherlands, and England were left without a sea route to Asia, either via Africa or South America, unless their ships defied the ban and explored such waters regardless ( they did, and the ban became unenforceable ).

Maximilian I ( 22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519 ), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans ( also known as King of the Germans ) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky.

In 1493 he was appointed Cardinal priest of the church of St. Anastasia in Rome by Pope Alexander VI.

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( June 7, 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on May 4, 1493.

The concessions given in them were confirmed by bulls issued by Pope Callixtus III ( Inter Caetera quae in 1456 ), Sixtus IV ( Aeterni regis in 1481 ), and Leo X ( 1514 ), and they became the models for subsequent bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI: Eximiae devotionis ( 3 May 1493 ), Inter Caetera ( 4 May 1493 ) and Dudum Siquidem ( 23 September 1493 ), in which he conferred similar rights to Spain relating to the newly-discovered lands in the Americas.

Initially trained as an apostolic notary, he joined the Roman Curia in 1491 and in 1493 Pope Alexander VI appointed him Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano.

Between 1493 and 1501, many Jews were expelled from their homes and sought sanctuary in the region of Avignon, which was still under the direct rule of the Pope.

When in May 1493, the Pope Alexander VI issued the Inter caetera bull granting the new lands to the Kingdom of Spain, he requested in exchange an evangelization of the people.

In 1484 Antonio took up his residence in Rome, where he executed the tomb of Pope Sixtus IV, now in the Museum of St. Peter's ( finished in 1493 ), a composition in which he again manifested the quality of exaggeration in the anatomical features of the figures.

* Alessandro Farnese ( 1468-1549 ) ( 1493, 1524, elected Pope Paul III in 1534 )

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( 7 June 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on 4 May 1493.

Later, the 1481 Papal Bull Aeterni regis granted all lands south of the Canary Islands to the Portuguese Empire, while in May 1493 the Aragonese-born Pope Alexander VI decreed in the Bull Inter caetera that all lands west of a meridian only 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to the Spanish Empire while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal.

Although the New Testament nowhere mentions that divine battle aid could be gained from Christ ,< ref > Padberg 1998: 48 > crowned by the Pope was Maximilian I in 1493.

The Spanish were briefly given territorial rights to India by Pope Alexander VI on 25 September 1493 by the bull Dudum siquidem before these rights were removed by the Treaty of Tordesillas less than one year later.

Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope ( contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera ) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza.

Pope Alexander VI in 1493 and later Pope Julius II in 1508 gave the crown extensive authority over this domain with the goal of converting the Indians to Catholicism.

* 1493: With the Inter caetera, Pope Alexander VI awards sole colonial rights over most of the New World to Spain.

A rebellion by his nephew, Alexander of Lochalsh provoked an exasperated James IV to forfeit the family's lands in 1493.

** Alexander ( c. 1493 – Battle of Flodden Field, 9 September 1513 ), Archbishop of St Andrews.

On 18 January 1493, Brańsk received a city charter based on Magdeburg rights from the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Alexander Jagiellon.

Spence traces it back to the reign of Richard II, Leadam claims there is no record of the Court's existence before 1493, Pollard writes ( based on documents discovered after Leadam's work ) that it was in existence from at least 1465, while Alexander writes that it first appeared during the reign of the House of York, and Kleineke states that it was created in 1485 by Richard III.

Among the significant events organised by Burchard as Ceremoniere were: the visit of Don Federigo de Aragon to Rome ( December 1493 to January 1494 ); the coronation of Alfonso II of Naples ( May 1494 ); the reception of Charles VIII of France in Rome ( November 1494 to February 1495 ); the Papal Embassy to the Emperor Maximilian in Milan ( July – November 1496 ); the Proclamation of the Jubilee ( Christmas 1499 ); the visit of Alexander VI to Piombino ( January – March 1502 ); and obsequies of Pope Alexander VI ( August 1503 ).

The concept of the consignment of exclusive spheres of influence to certain nation states was extended to the Americas in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI with Inter caetera.

Pope Alexander VI, a native of Valencia, issued a series of bulls limiting Portuguese power in favor of that of Spain, most notably Dudum siquidem ( 1493 ).

Written by Council of Castile jurist Juan López de Palacios Rubios in 1513, it was used to justify the assertion that God, through historical Saint Peter and appointed Papal successors, held authority as ruler over the entire Earth ; and that the Inter Caetera Papal Bull, of 4 May 1493 by Pope Alexander VI, conferred title over all the Americas to the Spanish monarchs.

It had no real purpose except to exercise the claimed right of Argentina to the continuation of its landmass which ( along with almost the entire Western Hemisphere including the US and Canada ) had been proclaimed as a Spanish entitlement by Pope Alexander VI in 1493 through the Treaty of Tordesillas.

It was attacked and occupied by Louis XI of France in 1463 ; a violent uprising against French rule in 1473 was harshly put down after a long siege, but in 1493 Charles VIII of France, wishing to conciliate Castile in order to free himself to invade Italy, restored it to Ferdinand II of Aragon.

The name was first mentioned in the year 1493 as " Rodzlagen ".

The first Europeans to see and name the islands were the Spanish under Christopher Columbus who sighted the islands in 1493 during his second voyage.

Manuel thus had every reason to worry when he received a royal order in 1493 to present himself to the king, but his fears were groundless: John II wanted to name him heir to the throne, after the death of his son, Prince Afonso, and the failed attempts to legitimise Jorge, Duke of Coimbra, his illegitimate son.

Olof Persson ( sometimes Petersson ; born January 6, 1493 in Örebro, died April 19, 1552 in Stockholm ), better known under the Latin form of his name, Olaus Petri ( or less commonly, Olavus Petri ), was a clergyman, writer, and a major contributor to the Protestant Reformation in Sweden.

* Book of Chronicles, an alternate name for the Nuremberg Chronicle of 1493

Francis composed a rule for the community in 1493, which was approved under the name of " Hermits of the Order of the Minims ".

The King of Portugal asserted that the discovery was within the bounds set forth in the papal bulls of 1452 ( Dum diversas ), 1455 ( Romanus Pontifex ), 1456 ( Inter caetera, not to be confused with the 1493 bull of the same name ), 1481 ( Aeterni regis ), and 1484.

Throughout the history the name of the town is mentioned in many documents under different names in different languages, therefore the old settlement " villa Kunentum " becomes in 1493 villa Kudzyr, in 1566 Kwczyr, in 1599-Kuchir, in 1656-Kuchjir, in 1673-Kucsir, in 1733-Kuser, in 1750-Kudsier, 1760-1762-Kudzser, in 1805 Kudsir and in 1850-Kusir.

The oldest ( dating from the mid 13th century is the " Martinus "; " pl " is cast in 1493, Per Tidichsøn's bell is of 1505, Caspar Kønig's is cast in 1746, the M. C. Troschell bell is cast in 1762, and a pair of L. Andersen's bells are from 1893, and lastly came the 1894 S. Frichs bell.

Aristotle portrayed in the 1493 Nuremberg Chronicle as a 15th-century-A. D. scholar

Bust of Albertus Magnus by Vincenzo Onofri, c. 1493

Zāhir ud-Dīn Mohammad Bābur, who founded the Mughal dynasty of South Asia kept a journal Bāburnāma ( Chagatai /; literally: " Book of Babur " or " Letters of Babur ") which was written between 1493 and 1529.

His most famous publication was the Nuremberg Chronicle, published in 1493 in German and Latin editions.

In 1493 Dürer went to Strasbourg, where he would have experienced the sculpture of Nikolaus Gerhaert.

File: Durer, autoritratto con fiore d ' eringio, dett. jpg | Detail, Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle, 1493, Louvre

This study compared several atypical antipsychotics to an older typical antipsychotic, perphenazine, among 1493 persons with schizophrenia.

In 1488 he was appointed Governor of the Netherlands ( until 1493 ) and marched with the imperial forces to free the Roman king Maximilian from his imprisonment at Bruges, and when, in 1489, the King returned to Germany, Albert was left as his representative to prosecute the war against the rebels.

The first European sighting of the Virgin Islands was by Christopher Columbus in 1493 on his second voyage to the Americas.

1493 woodcut of the City of Basel, from the Nuremberg Chronicle.

Paracelsus ( 1493 – 1541 ), for example, rejected the 4-elemental theory, and with only a vague understanding of his chemicals and medicines formed a hybrid of alchemy and science in what was to be called iatrochemistry.

The Mapuche fought against the Sapa Tupac Inca Yupanqui ( c. 1471 – 1493 ) and his army.

Ottoman conquests led to the 1493 Battle of Krbava field and 1526 Battle of Mohács, both ending in decisive Ottoman victories.

Christopher Columbus named the island after the day of the week on which he spotted it-a Sunday (' Doménica ' in Italian )-which fell on 3 November 1493 on his second voyage.

On Columbus second voyage in 1493 the colony of " La Española " was founded and administered from the new settlement of La Isabela which was established on the north coast.

The Dance of Death ( 1493 ) by Michael Wolgemut, from the Liber chronicarum by Hartmann Schedel.

The Enchiridion was first published in a Latin translation by Poliziano, Rome, 1493, and in 1496, by Beroaldus, at Bologna.

* 1991 – A runway collision between USAir Flight 1493 and SkyWest Flight 5569 at Los Angeles International Airport results in the death of 34 persons, and the injury of 30 others.

* 1493 – While on board the Niña, Christopher Columbus writes an open letter ( widely distributed upon his return to Portugal ) describing his discoveries and the unexpected items he came across in the New World.

Frederick the Peaceful KG ( September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 ) was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452.

In 1493, he was succeeded by his son Maximilian I after ten years of joint rule.

A similar figure was the Swiss magician known as Paracelsus ( 1493 – 1541 ), who published Of the Supreme Mysteries of Nature in which he emphasised the distinction between good and bad magic.