In the U. S. federal court system, criminal defendants must file a notice of appeal within 10 days of the entry of either the judgment or the order being appealed, or the right to appeal is forfeited.

In an adversarial system, appellate courts do not have the power to review lower court decisions unless a party appeals it.

In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case ; at least one intermediate appellate court ; and a supreme court ( or court of last resort ) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts.

In the federal system, Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 ( i )( 4 ) provides that the court must " address the defendant personally in order to permit the defendant to speak or present any information to mitigate the sentence.

Antigua and Barbuda is a member of the eastern Caribbean court system.

The potential punishment for an assault in Canada varies depending on the manner in which the charge proceeds through the court system and the type of assault that is committed.

Legal scholar Jim Drennan, an expert on the court system at the Institute of Government at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, told the Winston-Salem Journal in a 2007 interview that the ability to use this form of guilty plea as an option in courts had a far-reaching effect throughout the United States.

According to Robert Longley, " Clinton and Gore were responsible for pressing almost all federal agencies, the U. S. court system and the U. S. military onto the Internet, thus opening up America's government to more of America's citizens than ever before.

Additionally, from at least the 11th century and continuing for several centuries after that, there were several different circuits in the royal court system, served by itinerant judges who would travel from town to town dispensing the King's justice.

Henry II's creation of a powerful and unified court system, which curbed somewhat the power of canonical ( church ) courts, brought him ( and England ) into conflict with the church, most famously with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury.

While Israeli law is undergoing codification, its basic principles are inherited from the law of the British Mandate of Palestine and thus resemble those of British and American law, namely: the role of courts in creating the body of law and the authority of the supreme court in reviewing and if necessary overturning legislative and executive decisions, as well as employing the adversarial system.

Chile's judiciary is independent and includes a court of appeal, a system of military courts, a constitutional tribunal, and the Supreme Court.

* Victims, on their own, may lack the economies of scale that could allow them to administer a penal system, let alone to collect any fines levied by a court.

The most common forms are civil conciliation and domestic conciliation, both of which are managed under the auspices of the court system by one judge and two non-judge " conciliators.

In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision.

He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court.

In Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, the Druze have official recognition as a separate religious community with its own religious court system.

Although Adams was finally found innocent after years of being processed by the legal system, the judge in the habeas corpus hearing officially stated that, " much could be said about those videotape interviews, but nothing that would have any bearing on the matter before this court.

The court ruled that the OSP violated article IX, section 1 ( a ) of the Florida Constitution: " Adequate provision shall be made by law for a uniform, efficient, safe, secure, and high quality system of free public schools.

He and the Republican-controlled legislature also enacted " reforms " of the court system that resulted in an increase in the number of judicial appointments.

The court system of the Falklands is set out by Chapter VIII of the Constitution and closely resembles the system in England and Wales.

The Rule of Law, historically a principle according everyone his `` day in court '' before an impartial tribunal, was broadened substantively by making it a responsibility of government to promote individual welfare.

He advised the poor woman not to appear in court as what she was charged with was not in violation of law.

Gorton appeared for her, however, and what he told the magistrates must have been plenty, for he was charged with deluding the court, fined, and told to leave the colony within fourteen days.

`` On trial in Jakarta for having flown for the Indonesian anti-Communist insurgents, U.S. pilot Alan Lawrence Pope boldly told the court that in supporting the freedom fighters, he was actually defending the sovereignty and independence of Indonesia.

Now, when everything was opening up to him -- even the court of Louis 15!!

Counsel for the Government invited Du Pont's views on this proposal before recommending a specific program, but stated that if the court desired, or if counsel for Du Pont thought further discussion would not be profitable, the Government was prepared to submit a plan within thirty days.

If, in the trustee's judgment, `` reasonable market conditions '' did not prevail during any given year, he was to be allowed to petition the court for an extension of time within the ten-year period.

Du Pont would be enjoined from having as a director, officer, or employee anyone who was simultaneously an officer or employee of General Motors, and no director, officer, or employee of Du Pont could serve as a director of General Motors without court approval.

In the grand court of the Palace, notable for its tiers of Moorish galleries that looked down on the maelstrom of vehicles below, Vernon's station was at the entrance.

Not only were the court costs prohibitive, but I was subjected to crippling fines, in addition to usurious interest on the unpaid `` debts '' which the government claimed that Metronome and I owed -- a severe financial blow.

When a witness at court was asked if he had been kicked in the ensuing rumpus, he replied, `` No, it was in the stomach ''.

In 1913 an abortive provision was made for the stay of federal injunction proceedings upon institution of state court test cases.

Its enforcement was enjoined by a federal trial court.

But it is crucial that here, unlike Burford, the trial court was ordered to retain the case until the state courts had had a reasonable opportunity to settle the state-law question.

The action was a result of a court order, the citation for which ( and for other court action mentioned in this paper ) is taken from the Summary Report for this Conference.

The judge became ill just as the Colfax District Court convened, no substitute was brought in, no criminal cases heard, only 5 out of 122 cases docketed were tried, and court adjourned sine die after sitting a few days instead of the usual three weeks.

First thing I did after my twenty-first birthday was go into court and have it officially changed, and this is something I don't tell everybody.

Several defendants in the Summerdale police burglary trial made statements indicating their guilt at the time of their arrest, Judge James B. Parsons was told in Criminal court yesterday.

Mrs. Clayton Nairne, whose daughter, was among the court maids, chose a deep greenish blue lace gown.

The announcement that the secrets of the Dreadnought had been stolen was made in Bow St. police court here at the end of a three day hearing.

The trial will be held, probably the first week of March, in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs, the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

The charge that the federal indictment of three Chicago narcotics detail detectives `` is the product of rumor, combined with malice, and individual enmity '' on the part of the federal narcotics unit here was made yesterday in their conspiracy trial before Judge Joseph Sam Perry in federal District court.