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Wertham, author of the influential study Seduction of the Innocent, cited a particular panel of the story's dope-dealing narrator about to be stabbed in the eye with a hypodermic needle as an example of the " injury-to-the-eye " motif.
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Wertham and author
Fredric Wertham ( March 20, 1895 – November 18, 1981 ) was a German-born American psychiatrist and crusading author who protested the purportedly harmful effects of violent imagery in mass media and comic books on the development of children.
Wertham and study
Homosexual interpretations have been part of the academic study of Batman since psychologist Fredric Wertham asserted in his Seduction of the Innocent in 1954 that " Batman stories are psychologically homosexual.
Wertham and Seduction
Seduction of the Innocent described overt or covert depictions of violence, sex, drug use, and other adult fare within " crime comics "— a term Wertham used to describe not only the popular gangster / murder-oriented titles of the time but also superhero and horror comics as well — and asserted, based largely on undocumented anecdotes, that reading this material encouraged similar behavior in children.
Given the subsequent emergence of organized fandom for comic books among adults who grew up reading them during Comics ' Golden Age, it is ironic Wertham at one point in Seduction ( pp. 89 – 90 ) asserts " I have known many adults who have treasured throughout their lives some of the books they read as children.
Beaty reveals in 1959 Wertham tried to sell a follow-up to Seduction on the effects of television on Children, to be titled The War on Children.
The shorts were intended to satirize suggestions that early Batman comics implied a homosexual relationship between the eponymous title character and his sidekick Robin, a charge most infamously leveled by Fredric Wertham in his 1954 book, Seduction of the Innocent.
Psychologist Fredric Wertham, who in Seduction of the Innocent asserted that " Batman stories are psychologically homosexual ", claimed to find a " subtle atmosphere of homoeroticism which pervades the adventures of the mature ' Batman ' and his young friend ' Robin '".
Seduction of the Innocent is a book by German-American psychiatrist Fredric Wertham, published in 1954, that warned that comic books were a negative form of popular literature and a serious cause of juvenile delinquency.
Seduction of the Innocent cited overt or covert depictions of violence, sex, drug use, and other adult fare within " crime comics " — a term Wertham used to describe not only the popular gangster / murder-oriented titles of the time, but superhero and horror comics as well.
Bart Beaty in his book Fredric Wertham and the Critique of Mass Culture describes a concerted campaign by Dell against publication of Wertham's Seduction of the Innocent to the extent of recruiting several of the companies that it licensed characters from ( including Warner Brother Cartoons, the Lone Ranger Inc. and Edgar Rice Burroughs Inc .) to send letters of protest to Wertham's publisher Stanley Rinehart.
In 1954, Fredric Wertham published Seduction of the Innocent, a book in which he asserted that comics were inciting children to violence.
Baker's cover for Phantom Lady # 17 ( Apr, 1949 ) was reproduced in Seduction of the Innocent, the 1954 book by Dr. Fredric Wertham denouncing what he saw as the morally corrupting effect of comics on children.
First US printing of Seduction of the Innocent ( 1954 ), by Dr. Fredric Wertham.
First UK printing of Seduction of the Innocent by Dr. Fredric Wertham.
" It was also one of many examples used by Fredric Wertham in his book Seduction of the Innocent.
This is a reference to Seduction of the Innocent, an actual book written by Fredric Wertham which had great influence during the early 1950s and accused comic books of corrupting minors.
Wertham and about
Still infamous to most comics fans of the time, Wertham encountered suspicion and heckling at the convention, and stopped writing about comics thereafter.
The book also included a chapter that attacked contemporary comic books as harmful to children ; because his critique drew about his view that it was a consequence of the aforementioned cultural permissive views toward violence he wasn't a leading voice during the subsequent debate about the impact of comics that instead was dominated by Fredric Wertham.
With the 1950s backlash against comics, led by the psychiatrist Fredric Wertham, and propagated during the televised debates about comics leading to juvenile delinquency, as part of the Kefauver hearings, several publishing houses folded.
Wertham and be
According to Wertham, news vendors were told by the distributors that if they did not sell the objectionable comic books, they would not be allowed to sell any of the other publications being distributed.
Wertham and eye
Comics, especially the crime / horror titles pioneered by EC Comics, were not lacking in gruesome images ; Wertham reproduced these extensively, pointing out what he saw as recurring morbid themes such as " injury to the eye " ( as depicted in Plastic Man creator Jack Cole's " Murder, Morphine and Me ", which he illustrated and probably wrote for publisher Magazine Village's True Crime Comics Vol.
Comics, especially the crime / horror titles pioneered by EC, were not lacking in gruesome images ; Wertham reproduced these extensively, pointing out what he saw as recurring morbid themes such as " injury to the eye ".
Wertham and with
Psychologist Fredric Wertham decided that the phenomenon was a landmine of hidden and repressed Freudian issues, and that a sidekick's involvement in violent acts with his hero masked a sexual subtext.
To promote this book Wertham made two memorable appearances on the Mike Douglas Show where he ended up debating his theories with the co-hosts, Barbara Feldon ( April 10, 1967 ) and Vincent Price ( June 19, 1967 ).
Wertham sympathized with retailers who did not want to sell horror comics, yet were compelled to by their distributors ' table d ' hôte product line policies.
The cover, which illustrated Phantom Lady attempting to escape from ropes, was presented by Wertham with a caption that read, " Sexual stimulation by combining ' headlights ' with the sadist's dream of tying up a woman.
Wertham and example
For example, Wertham expressed a concern for the impact of impossibly proportioned female characters on girl readers or on the advertisements of violent and harmful toys.
Wertham and .
" Wertham wrote, " Only someone ignorant of the fundamentals of psychiatry and of the psychopathology of sex can fail to realize a subtle atmosphere of homoeroticism which pervades the adventures of the mature ' Batman ' and his young friend ' Robin.
Comics historian Les Daniels commented, " In retrospect the imperative seems less than inevitable, perhaps no more than trendy gender bending or possibly just a response to the homophobia inspired by Fredric Wertham more than thirty years earlier.
Wertham was born on March 20, 1895 in Munich.
( Wertham's claim that Wonder Woman had a bondage subtext was somewhat better documented, as her creator William Moulton Marston had admitted as much ; however, Wertham also claimed that Wonder Woman's strength and independence made her a lesbian.
Wertham objected to not only the violence in the stories but also the fact that air rifles and knives were advertised alongside them.
In extensive testimony before the committee, Wertham restated arguments from his book and pointed to comics as a major cause of juvenile crime.
Beaty notes " Wertham repeated his call ... national legislation based on the public health ideal that would prohibit the circulation and display of comic books to children under the age of fifteen.
" The committee's questioning of their next witness, EC publisher William Gaines, focused on violent scenes of the type Wertham had decried.
Wertham described the Comics Code as inadequate, while most in the industry found it draconian.
This led to an invitation for Wertham to address the New York Comic Art Convention.
" The Strange Case of Dr. Wertham " Amazing Heroes # 123 ( August 15, 1987 ); " The Return of Dr. Wertham " Amazing Heroes # 124 ( Sept. 1, 1987 ); " From Dr. Wertham With Love " Amazing Heroes # 125 ( Sept. 15, 1987 ) part series, see below for link to condensed version posted online under title " Fredric Wertham-Anti-Comics Crusader Who Turned Advocate ".
author and influential
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